Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all study subjects and a comparison between the treatment and non-treatment groups
| Variables | Total subjects (n = 6,365) | Treatment group * (n = 1,754) | Non-Treatment group (n = 4,723) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex (%) | 2,099 (49.2) | 767 (53.2) | 1,999 (47.6) | 0.051 |
| Mean age (yr) | 44.9 ± 0.3 | 57.5 ± 0.5 | 40.4 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Obesity (%) | 1,663 (31.7) | 773 (47.5) | 864 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Past history (%) | ||||
| CVD† | 269 (3.4) | 181 (8.4) | 84 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| DM | 649 (9.7) | 477 (26.1) | 136 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 40 (0.6) | 16 (1.2) | 24 (0.4) | 0.006 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 117.0 ± 0.3 | 134.4 ± 0.6 | 111.0 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.5 ± 0.2 | 83.5 ± 0.5 | 72.8 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.2 ± 0.7 | 193.0 ± 1.2 | 186.7 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 131.3 ± 2.1 | 170.3 ± 4.9 | 117.0 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 97.1 ± 0.4 | 107.8 ± 1.0 | 93.0 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 743 (20.6) | 227 (18.5) | 507 (21.2) | 0.087 |
| Physical activity‡ (%) | 791 (17.6) | 235 (14.1) | 734 (21.7) | 0.001 |
| Sleep duration (hours) | 6.8 ± 0.29 | 6.7 ± 0.04 | 6.9 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as means ± SD or frequencies (%). P-value for treatment group vs. non-treatment group.
*Treatment group included participants taking antihypertensive medication.
†CVD included myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke.
‡Physical activity, moderate exercise at least three times a week.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease.