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. 2016 Jan 27;22:8. doi: 10.1186/s40885-016-0045-x

Table 5.

Multiple logistic regression analysis and odds ratios for the factors associated with the resistant group to antihypertensive theraphy using 3 or more antihypertensive medications including diuretics

Clinic BP Daytime BP Nighttime BP 24 h BP
3 140/90 mmHg 3 135/85 mmHg 3 120/70 mmHg 3 130/80 mmHg
Age 0.989[0.978 ~ 1.001] 0.992[0.98 ~ 1.004] 0.996[0.983 ~ 1.009] 0.992[0.98 ~ 1.005]
Male sex 0.956[0.71 ~ 1.288] 1.221[0.901 ~ 1.655] 1.171[0.836 ~ 1.639] 1.157[0.84 ~ 1.594]
Metabolic syndrome 0.965[0.743 ~ 1.253] 1.037[0.793 ~ 1.357] 0.963[0.717 ~ 1.294] 1.043[0.786 ~ 1.385]
Smoking 1.202[0.791 ~ 1.827] 1.161[0.75 ~ 1.797] 0.624[0.399 ~ 0.976] 1.008[0.639 ~ 1.59]
Drinking 1.135[0.843 ~ 1.528] 1.242[0.913 ~ 1.688] 1.512[1.072 ~ 2.133] 1.4[1.01 ~ 1.942]
Regular physical exercise 0.826[0.636 ~ 1.073] 0.855[0.654 ~ 1.119] 0.99[0.735 ~ 1.335] 0.869[0.654 ~ 1.153]
Family history of hypertension 1.231[0.947 ~ 1.6] 1.131[0.865 ~ 1.48] 1.121[0.834 ~ 1.507] 1.169[0.88 ~ 1.552]
Diabetes mellitus 0.917[0.685 ~ 1.226] 0.791[0.589 ~ 1.062] 1.172[0.837 ~ 1.64] 0.919[0.673 ~ 1.256]
History of stroke 1.166[0.786 ~ 1.73] 1.042[0.701 ~ 1.549] 1.391[0.874 ~ 2.214] 1.063[0.699 ~ 1.617]
History of coronary artery disease 0.619[0.458 ~ 0.835] 0.632[0.465 ~ 0.859] 0.604[0.431 ~ 0.846] 0.605[0.44 ~ 0.832]
History of heart failure 0.896[0.495 ~ 1.623] 0.559[0.309 ~ 1.009] 0.638[0.345 ~ 1.179] 0.646[0.354 ~ 1.178]
CKD 1.08[0.709 ~ 1.646] 1.025[0.67 ~ 1.569] 1.298[0.79 ~ 2.133] 1.293[0.815 ~ 2.051]
Beta blocker 0.962[0.731 ~ 1.265] 0.838[0.634 ~ 1.107] 1.017[0.746 ~ 1.385] 0.742[0.554 ~ 0.994]
Calcium antagonist 1.527[1.176 ~ 1.982] 1.589[1.218 ~ 2.074] 1.705[1.271 ~ 2.288] 1.411[1.066 ~ 1.868]
ACE inhibitor or ARB 1.42[1.083 ~ 1.863] 1.479[1.122 ~ 1.95] 1.273[0.938 ~ 1.728] 1.376[1.03 ~ 1.837]
Loop diuretics 0.755[0.405 ~ 1.408] 0.54[0.289 ~ 1.011] 0.454[0.24 ~ 0.861] 0.541[0.288 ~ 1.014]
Optimal dosage use 1.283[0.838 ~ 1.965] 1.285[0.836 ~ 1.976] 1.15[0.72 ~ 1.838] 1.086[0.696 ~ 1.696]

ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, BP blood pressure, CKD chronic kidney disease with eGFR between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73m2