Table 1. LifeLines cohort characteristics by BMI categories and abdominal obesity.
| BMI categories | Abdominal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total N = 89,332 | Normal weight n = 39960 (44.7%) | Over-weight n = 35355 (39.6%) | Mild obesity n = 10551 (11.8%) | Moderate/ severe obesity n = 3466 (3.9%) | obesitya n = 32231 (36.1%) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 44.4(12.3) | 41.8 (12.3) | 46.5 (12.0) | 47.0 (11.7) | 45.3 (11.0) | 47.6 (11.8) |
| Sex, females, (%) | 58.6 | 65.5 | 49.3 | 57.9 | 75.2 | 70.7 |
| Educational status, (%) | ||||||
| High | 29.7 | 35.7 | 27.1 | 20.2 | 16.0 | 22.1 |
| Middle | 40.2 | 40.6 | 39.6 | 39.7 | 41.8 | 39.3 |
| Low | 30.1 | 23.7 | 33.4 | 40.1 | 42.2 | 38.6 |
| Frequency of exercise, (%) | ||||||
| High (≥ 2x/wk) | 86.8 | 87.9 | 87.0 | 84.0 | 79.5 | 84.6 |
| Medium (1x/wk) | 8.6 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 10.0 | 11.5 | 9.7 |
| Low (No or hardly/wk) | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 5.7 |
| Current smokers, (%) | 21.5 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 19.8 | 18.6 | 20.3 |
| High alcohol consumption, (%) | 8.0 | 6.8 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 5.3 | 7.5 |
| Major depression, (%) | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 5.7 | 3.0 |
| Anxiety disorders, (%) | 9.9 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 11.8 |
| Common chronic conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension, (%) | 25.3 | 15.9 | 28.1 | 41.8 | 51.7 | 37.1 |
| Cardiovascular diseases, (%) | 3.3 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 4.6 |
| Diabetes, (%) | 2.3 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 5.4 | 9.1 | 4.4 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, (%) | 3.2 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 8.5 | 5.2 |
| Cancer, (%) | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 5.4 |
| HR-QoL (PCS, MCS) | ||||||
| PCS, mean (SD) | 51.3 (7.2) | 52.3 (6.6) | 51.2 (7.1) | 49.2 (8.3) | 46.8 (9.4) | 49.6 (8.1) |
| MCS, mean (SD) | 52.6 (8.4) | 52.2 (8.4) | 53.1 (8.1) | 52.7 (8.8) | 51.8 (9.8) | 52.3 (7.2) |
HR-QoL: Health-related quality of life; PCS: physical component summary score; MCS: mental component summary score; Normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.99 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.99 kg/m2), mild obesity (BMI 30.0–34.99 kg/m2) and moderate/severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2)
a Waist circumference (WC) ≥ 102 cm for males and ≥88cm for females.