Table 3.

Results of subgroup analyses

Analysis	Odds ratio	95 % confidence interval	Statistical significance
Risk of TBI when including only studies with clearest interval on:
All neurologic and psychiatric outcomes	1.75	1.43–2.14	p<.001
All neurologic outcomes	2.05	1.55–2.71	p<.001
All psychiatric outcomes	1.38	0.95–2.00	p=.09
Risk of TBI when including only studies meeting mild TBI requirements for maximum duration of loss of consciousness	1.54	1.18–2.01	p=.001
Risk of TBI when including only studies requiring associated loss of consciousness on:
All neurologic and psychiatric outcomes	1.69	1.18–2.44	p<.01
All neurologic outcomes	1.33	1.00–1.75	p<.05
All psychiatric outcomes	4.09	1.36–12.32	p=.01
Risk of TBI when including only studies requiring a mild TBI feature on:
All neurololgic and psychiatric outcomes	1.70	1.42–2.05	p<.0001
All neurologic outcomes	1.67	1.36–2.07	p<.0001
All psychiatric outcomes	1.81	1.23–2.66	p<.01
Risk of TBI when eliminating studies with TBI diagnosis based on self-report on:
All neurologic and psychiatric outcomes	1.62	1.14–2.31	p<.01
All neurologic outcomes	2.38	1.01–5.62	p<.05
All psychiatric outcomes	1.18	0.81–1.71	p=.39
Risk of TBI when including only cohort studies on:
All neurologic and psychiatric outcomes	1.38	1.02–-1.87	p<.05
All neurologic outcomes	1.27	0.72–2.25	p=.41
All psychiatric outcomes	1.45	1.23–1.71	p<.0001
Risk of multiple TBIs vs one TBI on any outcome diagnosis	1.10	0.72–1.70	p=.65