Table 1.
Sociodemographics, contextual factors and testing behavior of Mexican im/migrants by migration context and phase, Tijuana, 2009–2010 (n=3,149)
| Sending Communities | Mexican Border | Receiving Communities | pa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Pre-departure Phase (Weighted N=139,395) | Return Phase (Weighted N=100,809) | Transit Phase (Weighted N=284,642) | Destination Phase (Weighted N=414,490) | Interception Phase (Weighted N=37,727) | ||
| Age, Mean (SD) | 33.2 (11.1) | 35.7 (10.7) ** | 32.9 (10.8) | 35.2 (12.1) ** | 31.6 (9.2)* | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 79.5 | 92.4 * | 83.9 | 89.5 * | 91.3 * | <0.001 |
| High school or more, % | 60.4 | 25.9 * | 51.7 | 21.4 * | 14.4 * | <0.001 |
| Married/cohabiting, % | 48.6 | 59.6 * | 49.6 | 50.0 * | 48.9 | 0.009 |
| Indigenous ethnicity, % | 2.1 | 7.4 * | 1.5 | 4.8 * | 4.8 | 0.004 |
| Years in the U.S., Mean (SD) | N/A | 9.6 (9.6) R | 1.6 (3.8) ** | 12.1 (9.6) ** | 9.0 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Months in key contextc, Mean (SD) | 7.7 (4.9) | 4.7 (4.8) ** | 4.6 (4.8) ** | 9.3 (4.1) ** | 8.2 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Health insured in key contextb, % | 63.2 | 31.5 ** | 57.8 | 39.6 ** | 27.2 ** | <0.001 |
| Perceived high HIV risk in key contextb, % | 8.9 | 15.7 * | 33.0 ** | 17.4 ** | 29.8 ** | <0.001 |
| Unprotected sex with casual partners/sex workers in last 12 months, % | 15.4 | 22.1 | 19.4 | 17.7 | 17.1 | 0.089 |
| Incarceration in last 12 months, % | 4.9 | 25.4 ** | 11.3 ** | 33.7 ** | 32.3 ** | <0.001 |
| Last 12-month HIV tested, % | 15.7 | 19.0 ** | 13.9 * | 16.7 ** | 24.5 ** | <0.001 |
Reference category,
p<0.05 for comparison to the reference category based on adjusted regression models,
p<0.01 for comparison to the reference category based on adjusted regression models.
P value for overall effect of migration phase, based on logistic (for binary outcomes) and multiple linear (for continuous outcomes) regression models. Models for sociodemographics were unadjusted. Models for behavioral, contextual, and testing behaviors were adjusted for age, gender, marital status, education, and ethnicity. The referent category was pre-departure unless otherwise indicated.
Key context refers to the migration environment represented by each flow: sending communities for pre-departure and return migrants, Mexican border region for transit migrants, and receiving communities for migrants at destination and interception phases