Table 3. Serum biochemical values of male and female rats.
| Items | Recovery group (mg/kg/day) | Recovery group (mg/kg/day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| 0 | 25 | 100 | 400 | 0 | 400 | |
|
| ||||||
| Male | ||||||
| ALT (IU/L) | 27.1 ± 2.8 | 23.5 ± 2.3 | 23.6 ± 4.8 | 25.1 ± 4.6 | 34.1 ± 10.4 | 28.8 ± 6.4 |
| AST (IU/L) | 65.5 ± 9.8 | 64.3 ± 8.2 | 64.5 ± 6.5 | 57.9 ± 6.1 | 101.2 ± 20.0 | 82.0 ± 14.7 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 613.5 ± 92.0 | 522.5 ± 109.7 | 557.5 ± 95.0 | 477.9 ± 74.2** | 403.7 ± 95.3 | 492.3 ± 150.3 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 0.38 ± 0.10 | 0.39 ± 0.14 | 0.40 ± 0.16 | 0.37 ± 0.17 | 0.39 ± 0.26 | 0.31 ± 0.23 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 159 ± 18 | 143 ± 17 | 150 ± 18 | 138 ± 12* | 147 ± 15 | 136 ± 8 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 11.8 ± 1.4 | 11.5 ± 1.1 | 12.9 ± 2.3 | 12.1 ± 2.1 | 13.6 ± 1.8 | 14.3 ± 1.0 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.04 |
| TBil (mg/dL) | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.02** | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
| TCho (mg/dL) | 76 ± 15 | 70 ± 15 | 64 ± 12 | 73 ± 11 | 83 ± 15 | 77 ± 16 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 36 ± 12 | 35 ± 8 | 36 ± 18 | 27 ± 18 | 51 ± 33 | 47 ± 21 |
| TP (g/dL) | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.2 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1* | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.1 |
| A/G (ratio) | 0.72 ± 0.04 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 00.77 ± 0.05* | 0.69 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.02* |
| IP (mg/dL) | 7.30 ± 0.61 | 7.56 ± 0.62 | 9.09 ± 0.77** | 10.66 ± 0.83** | 6.54 ± 0.53 | 6.72 ± 0.23 |
| Ca++ (mg/dL) | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 10.1 ± 0.3 | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 9.8 ± 0.1 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 141 ± 1 | 141 ± 1 | 140 ± 2 | 140 ± 3 | 141 ± 1 | 141 ± 1 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.2** | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.3 |
| Cl− (mmol/L) | 103 ± 1 | 102 ± 1 | 101 ± 2* | 100 ± 3* | 105 ± 2 | 105 ± 1 |
| No. of animals | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
| Female | ||||||
| ALT (IU/L) | 25.1 ± 5.8 | 23.2 ± 5.0 | 22.9 ± 7.1 | 26.6 ± 5.4 | 30.7 ± 13.6 | 24.3 ± 6.1 |
| AST (IU/L) | 70.2 ± 12.6 | 70.8 ± 20.8 | 70.2 ± 16.5 | 71.6 ± 12.0 | 78.2 ± 11.7 | 71.0 ± 9.3 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 323.6 ± 71.2 | 358.8 ± 66.6 | 341.3 ± 81.9 | 343.4 ± 64.9 | 250.2 ± 63.7 | 257.5 ± 23.3 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 0.47 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.50 ± 0.15 | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 0.90 ± 0.26 | 0.72 ± 0.15 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 127 ± 14 | 130 ± 19 | 119 ± 14 | 118 ± 16 | 143 ± 11 | 146 ± 11 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 12.2 ± 1.7 | 12.8 ± 2.2 | 12.8 ± 2.4 | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 14.4 ± 1.7 | 14.0 ± 2.0 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.43 ± 0.04 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.47 ± 0.03 |
| TBil (mg/dL) | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.02 |
| TCho (mg/dL) | 72 ± 9 | 81 ± 10 | 80 ± 11 | 84 ± 14 | 84 ± 14 | 85 ± 12 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 14 ± 4 | 17 ± 6 | 16 ± 6 | 15 ± 5 | 24 ± 23 | 21 ± 16 |
| TP (g/dL) | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.3 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 |
| A/G (ratio) | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 0.80 ± 0.04* | 0.81 ± 0.02* | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.77 ± 0.05 |
| IP (mg/dL) | 6.06 ± 0.68 | 6.47 ± 0.66 | 7.25 ± 0.72** | 8.69 ± 0.88** | 4.97 ± 0.24 | 5.38 ± 0.69 |
| Ca++ (mg/dL) | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 10.0 ± 0.4 | 10.1 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 9.7 ± 0.2 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 140 ± 1 | 138 ± 1* | 139 ± 1 | 138 ± 2* | 141 ± 1 | 140 ± 1 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3 |
| Cl− (mmol/L) | 104 ± 1 | 103 ± 1* | 103 ± 1* | 102 ± 2** | 107 ± 1 | 106 ± 1 |
| No. of animals | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, GGT: gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, TBil: total bilirubin, TCho: total cholesterol, TP: total protein, A/G: albumin/globulin, IP: inorganic phosphorus.
Significantly different from vehicle control: *p<0.05, **p < 0.01. Values are mean ± S.D.