Table 1. Patient demographic data, clinical characteristics and AF characteristics.
| Total | Albania | B&H | Bulgaria | Croatia | Montenegro | Romania | Serbia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 2663 | n = 313 | n = 265 | n = 443 | n = 159 | n = 102 | n = 699 | n = 682 | |
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 69.1 ± 10.9 | 68.2 ± 10.2 | 69.2 ± 10.6 | 70.2 ± 10.7 | 69.6 ± 11.1 | 65.0 ± 10.8 | 70.9 ± 10.8 | 67.4 ± 11.0 |
| Age ≥ 65–74 years (%) | 878 (33.0) | 114 (36.4) | 99 (37.4) | 139 (31.4) | 46 (28.9) | 39 (38.2) | 215 (30.8) | 226 (33.1) |
| Age ≥ 75 years (%) | 942 (35.4) | 94 (30.0) | 87 (32.8) | 176 (39.7) | 62 (39.0) | 20 (19.6) | 301 (43.1) | 202 (29.6) |
| Age ≥ 80 years (%) | 418 (17.7) | 39 (12.5) | 40 (15.1) | 76 (17.2) | 31 (19.5) | 6 (5.9) | 143 (20.5) | 83 (12.2) |
| Female sex (%) | 1188 (44.6) | 151 (48.2) | 115 (43.4) | 189 (42.7) | 67 (42.1) | 35 (34.3) | 325 (46.5) | 306 (44.9) |
| Cigarette smoking ever (%) | 776 (29.1) | 111 (35.5) | 66 (24.9) | 102 (23.0) | 48 (30.2) | 38 (37.3) | 154 (22.0) | 257 (37.7) |
| Cigarette smoking current (%) | 339 (12.7) | 74 (23.6) | 32 (12.1) | 48 (10.8) | 29 (18.2) | 22 (21.6) | 58 (8.3) | 76 (11.1) |
| Alcohol abuse (%) | 110 (4.1) | 30 (9.6) | 9 (3.4) | 35 (7.9) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (2.9) | 12 (1.8) |
| Body mass index (mean ± SD) | 27.7 ± 4.4 | 28.0 ± 3.9 | 26.8 ± 4.3 | 27.9 ± 3.8 | 27.8 ± 3.4 | 27.3 ± 3.7 | 28.5 ± 5.1 | 27.2 ± 4.3 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 134.6 ± 22.0 | 131.5 ± 25.0 | 133.3 ± 24.6 | 135.2 ± 19.0 | 137.5 ± 19.3 | 137.7 ± 19.6 | 136.2 ± 24.0 | 133.4 ± 19.8 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 81.0 ± 12.2 | 81.4 ± 13.7 | 81.5 ± 12.7 | 81.6 ± 11.1 | 83.6 ± 10.0 | 86.8 ± 10.7 | 78.8 ± 13.1 | 81.0 ± 11.4 |
| Characteristics of AF | ||||||||
| First diagnosed AF (%) | 626 (23.5) | 107 (34.4) | 92 (34.7) | 109 (24.6) | 21 (13.2) | 22 (21.6) | 146 (20.9) | 129 (18.9) |
| Known history of AF | ||||||||
| Paroxysmal (%) | 554 (27.2) | 43 (21.0) | 23 (13.3) | 77 (23.1) | 45 (32.6) | 31 (38.8) | 106 (19.2) | 229 (41.4) |
| Persistent (%) | 319 (15.7) | 13 (6.3) | 12 (6.9) | 72 (21.6) | 46 (33.3) | 13 (16.2) | 77 (13.9) | 86 (15.6) |
| Long-standing persistent (%) | 64 (3.1) | 7 (3.4) | 12 (6.9) | 7 (2.1) | 6 (4.3) | 1 (1.2) | 9 (1.6) | 22 (4.0) |
| Permanent (%) | 1081 (53.1) | 142 (69.3) | 126 (72.8) | 178 (53.2) | 41 (29.7) | 34 (42.5) | 360 (65.1) | 200 (36.2) |
| Clinical parameters | ||||||||
| Arterial hypertension (%) | 2108 (79.2) | 218 (69.6) | 210 (79.2) | 398 (89.8) | 127 (79.9) | 75 (73.5) | 518 (74.1) | 562 (82.4) |
| Heart failure ever (%) | 1157 (43.5) | 137 (43.8) | 129 (48.9) | 230 (51.9) | 52 (32.7) | 5 (4.9) | 465 (66.6) | 163 (23.9) |
| Signs of heart failure at present (%) | 1104 (41.5) | 113 (36.1) | 129 (48.9) | 223 (50.3) | 34 (21.4) | 3 (2.9) | 454 (65.0) | 124 (18.9) |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 816 (30.7) | 99 (31.6) | 106 (40.0) | 147 (33.2) | 35 (22.0) | 16 (15.7) | 256 (36.7) | 157 (23.1) |
| Prior PCI/stenting (%) | 224 (8.4) | 35 (11.2) | 6 (2.3) | 62 (14.0) | 9 (5.7) | 8 (7.8) | 50 (7.2) | 54 (7.9) |
| Prior CABG (%) | 97 (3.6) | 12 (3.8) | 13 (4.9) | 17 (3.8) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (1.0) | 15 (2.1) | 36 (5.3) |
| Prior myocardial infarction (%) | 365 (13.7) | 50 (16.0) | 53 (20.0) | 40 (9.0) | 13 (8.2) | 8 (7.8) | 115 (16.6) | 86 (12.6) |
| Stable coronary artery disease (%) | 592 (22.0) | 64 (20.4) | 100 (37.7) | 85 (19.2) | 26 (16.4) | 8 (7.8) | 206 (29.5) | 103 (15.1) |
| Valvular disease (%) | 933 (35.0) | 69 (22.0) | 60 (22.6) | 159 (35.9) | 39 (24.5) | 3 (2.9) | 414 (59.2) | 189 (27.7) |
| Mitral valve disease (%) | 844 (31.7) | 53 (16.9) | 54 (20.4) | 131 (29.6) | 34 (21.4) | 1 (1.0) | 388 (55.5) | 183 (26.8) |
| Mitral valve regurgitation (%) | 818 (30.7) | 53 (16.9) | 51 (19.2) | 127 (28.7) | 33 (20.8) | 1 (1.0) | 381 (54.5) | 172 (25.2) |
| Aortic valve disease (%) | 299 (11.2) | 28 (8.9) | 23 (8.7) | 66 (14.9) | 8 (5.0) | 2 (2.0) | 131 (18.7) | 41 (6.0) |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy (%) | 216 (8.1) | 21 (6.7) | 14 (5.3) | 8 (1.8) | 18 (11.3) | 1 (1.0) | 100 (14.3) | 54 (7.9) |
| Hyperthrophic cardiomyopathy (%) | 52 (2.0) | 6 (1.9) | 12 (4.5) | 2 (0.5) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (2.9) | 8 (1.2) |
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy (%) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Congenital heart disease (%) | 7 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.6) |
| Other cardiac disease (%) | 206 (7.7) | 11 (3.5) | 8 (3.0) | 9 (2.0) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 92 (13.2) | 82 (12.0) |
| Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 122 (4.6) | 13 (4.2) | 7 (2.7) | 19 (4.3) | 5 (3.1) | 2 (2.0) | 40 (5.7) | 36 (5.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 666 (25.0) | 99 (31.6) | 76 (28.7) | 109 (24.6) | 30 (18.9) | 19 (18.6) | 178 (25.5) | 155 (22.7) |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 411 (15.5) | 36 (11.5) | 33 (12.5) | 78 (17.6) | 21 (13.3) | 1 (1.0) | 164 (23.5) | 78 (11.5) |
| Chronic hepatic disease (%) | 96 (3.6) | 7 (2.2) | 9 (3.4) | 13 (2.9) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 54 (7.7) | 11 (1.6) |
| Prior stroke (%) | 280 (10.5) | 29 (9.3) | 40 (15.1) | 47 (10.6) | 13 (8.2) | 7 (6.9) | 65 (9.3) | 79 (11.6) |
| Prior TIA (%) | 83 (3.1) | 16 (5.1) | 18 (6.8) | 14 (3.2) | 5 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (2.0) | 16 (2.3) |
| Prior bleeding (%) | 135 (5.0) | 17 (5.4) | 18 (6.8) | 19 (4.3) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (5.7) | 35 (5.0) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3.48 ± 1.78 | 3.37 ± 1.79 | 3.66 ± 1.78 | 3.71 ± 1.76 | 3.21 ± 1.89 | 2.54 ± 1.61 | 3.81 ± 1.64 | 3.20 ± 1.76 |
| HASBLED score | 1.97 ± 1.23 | 1.87 ± 1.28 | 1.91 ± 1.18 | 1.92 ± 1.12 | 1.77 ± 1.17 | 1.87 ± 1.22 | 2.25 ± 1.26 | 1.86 ± 1.23 |
B&H: Bosnia & Herzegovina; SD: standard deviation; BP: blood pressure; AF: atrial fibrillation; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; TIA: transient ischemic attack.