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. 2016 Feb 12;6:21070. doi: 10.1038/srep21070

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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(A) Conductance (G) (normalized) vs. gate-voltage (V_G) of graphene (GR)/soda-lime glass (SLG) and GR/borosilicate-glass (BSG) (inset) measured in FET configuration (schematic). (B) DFT calculated dispersion curve showing n-doping in graphene interacting with Na. (C) Na and Se depth-profiles in CIGS/Mo/SLG and CIGS/Mo/BSG from TOF-SIMS. (D) Cross-sectional HR-TEM of GR/CIGS/Mo/SLG. (E) Raman spectrograph of GR/CIGS/Mo/SLG showing E₀ peak of CuIn₀.₇Ga_0.3Se₂ (177 cm⁻¹), and G peak (1585 cm⁻¹) and 2D peak (2665 cm⁻¹) of graphene. (F) EDS maps of GR/CIGS/Mo/SLG showing Na (yellow, top) and C (purple, bottom). (G) Schematic of graphene n-doping mechanism on CIGS.