Table 3.

Metabolism and transport pathways of HCV DAA.

	Mechanism of action	Metabolism	Transporters	Ref.
Paritaprevir	HCV NS3 protease inhibitor	Substrate: CYP3A4. Inhibitor: CYP2C8, UGT1A1	Substrate: P-gp, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BCRP. Inhibitor: OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BCRP.	[40,41]
Ombitasvir	HCV NS5A inhibitor	Substrate: CYP3A4 (minor role). Inhibitor: CYP2C8, UGT1A1	Substrate: P-gp, BCRP	[40,41]
Dasabuvir	HCV NS5B nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitor	Substrate: CYP2C, CYP3A, CYP2D6. Inhibitor: UGT1A1	Substrate: P-gp, BCRP. Inhibitor: OATP1B1, BCRP	[40,41]
Sofosbuvir	HCV NS5B nucleotide polymerase inhibitor		Substrate: P-gp, BCRP	[42]
Ledipasvir	HCV NS5A inhibitor		Substrate: P-gp, BCRP. Inhibitor: OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BCRP, P-gp (intestinal)	[42]
Simeprevir	HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor	Substrate: CYP3A. Inhibitor: CYP1A2 (mild), CYP3A4 (intestinal)	Substrate: P-gp, OATP1B1, OATP1B3. Inhibitor: OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MRP2	[43,44]
Asunaprevir	HCV NS3 protease inhibitor	Substrate: CYP3A. Inhibitor: CYP2D6. InducerL CYP3A4 (weak)	Substrate: P-gp, OATP1B1, OATP2B1. Inhibitor: P-gp, OATP1B1 (weak), OATP1B3 (weak)	[45–47]
Daclatasvir	HCV NS5A inhibitor	Substrate: CYP34A	Substrate: P-gp. Inhibitor: P-gp, OATP1B1, OCT1, BCRP	[48]
Beclabuvir	HCV NS5B nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitor	Substrate: CYP3A4. Inducer: CYP3A4 (weak to moderate)	Substrate: P-gp. Inhibitor: P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3	[46,49]

DAA: Direct-acting antiviral; P-gp: P-glycoprotein; BCRP: Breast cancer resistance protein.