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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Physiol. 2015 Nov 2;78:481–504. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105238

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Lack of influence of upper respiratory tract microbiota on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) microbiota. Although the microbial communities of the mouth and nose differ significantly (a), the route of bronchoscope insertion (via mouth or via nose) has no appreciable effect on BAL microbiota (b). Panel a adapted with permission from data published in Reference 15. Panel b adapted with permission from Reference 27.