. 2015 Mar-Apr;41(2):230–238. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.02.07

Table 3. Comparing the mean differences of indices before and after surgery status between the intervention and placebo groups*.

	Group		Sig.
	Vitamin C	Placebo	Sig.
Count^a, million/mL	15.9±25.3	11.1±26.2	0.328
Motility^b, %	20.8±21.3	12.6±20.5	0.041
Morphology^c, %	23.2±18.7	10.5±15.8	<0.001

* = all values are presented as mean±SD

a = (mean count after surgery - mean count before surgery); b = (mean motility after surgery - mean motility before surgery); c = (mean normal morphology after surgery - mean normal morphology before surgery)