Table 3.
Trends in use of selected prescription drugs in the prior 30 days among US adults ages ≥ 20y, by age groupa and sex: 1999–2012b,c
| Age 40–64 | Age ≥65 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999–2000 (n=1,787) % |
2011–2012 (n=2,352) % (95% CI) |
P-trend |
Difference
in Prevalenced % (95% CI) |
Ratio
of Prevalencee Ratio (95% CI) |
1999–2000 (n=1,382) % |
2011–2012 (n=1,249) % (95% CI) |
P-trend |
Difference
in Prevalenced % (95% CI) |
Ratio
of Prevalencee Ratio (95% CI) |
|
| Any prescription | 57 (52, 63) | 65 (62, 67) | 0.01 | 7.4 (1.7, 13) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 84 (81, 86) | 90 (87, 93) | <.001 | 6.5 (2.8, 10) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) |
| ≥5 prescriptions | 10 (8.8, 12) | 15 (13, 17) | 0.002 | 4.4 (1.8, 6.9) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 24 (21, 26) | 39 (35, 44) | <.001 | 16 (10, 21) | 1.7 (1.4, 1.9) |
| Anti-hypertensive Agents | 24 (21, 28) | 31 (28, 33) | <.001 | 6.4 (2.0, 11) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 55 (50, 59) | 66 (62, 69) | <.001 | 11 (5.9, 17) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) |
| Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents | 11 (8.9, 13) | 21 (18, 24) | <.001 | 10 (6.5, 14) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.4) | 21 (17, 25) | 47 (44, 51) | <.001 | 27 (22, 32) | 2.3 (1.9, 2.7) |
| Anti-depressants | 8.4 (7.0, 10) | 15 (13, 18) | <.001 | 6.9 (3.9, 9.8) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 8.4 (6.8, 10) | 17 (13, 22) | <.001 | 8.8 (4.3, 13) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.8) |
| Prescription Analgesics | 13 (12, 15) | 14 (11, 18) | .27 | 0.4 (−3.3, 4.2) | 1.0 (0.79, 1.3) | 18 (16, 21) | 14 (11, 18) | .01 | −3.9 (−8.4, 0.7) | 0.79 (0.59, 1.1) |
| Sex Hormonesf | 24 (19, 29) | 9.7 (7.5, 12) | <.001 | −14 (−20, −8.8) | 0.41 (0.28, 0.53) | 16 (12, 22) | 3.9 (2.0, 7.5) | <.001 | −13 (−18, −7.3) | 0.24 (0.08, 0.40) |
| Anti-diabetic Agents | 5.5 (4.2, 7.3) | 9.4 (7.9, 11) | <.001 | 3.9 (1.7, 6.1) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) | 13 (11, 15) | 19 (17, 22) | <.001 | 6.5 (3.4, 9.7) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) |
| Prescription Protonpump Inhibitors | 4.9 (3.4, 7.1) | 8.3 (5.8, 12) | .006 | 3.4 (0.0, 6.7) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.7) | 8.2 (6.4, 10) | 18 (14, 22) | <.001 | 9.6 (5.4, 14) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) |
| Thyroid Hormones | 5.9 (4.6, 7.4) | 6.9 (5.1, 9.2) | .13 | 1.0 (−1.4, 3.4) | 1.2 (0.82, 1.7) | 13 (11, 17) | 15 (12, 18) | .25 | 1.6 (−2.7, 5.8) | 1.1 (0.84, 1.5) |
| Anxiolytics, Sedatives, Hypnotics | 5.5 (4.1, 7.3) | 6.7 (5.1, 8.7) | .17 | 1.2 (−1.2, 3.6) | 1.2 (0.83, 1.8) | 8.6 (6.8, 11) | 9.3 (7.7, 11) | .52 | 0.7 (−1.9, 3.4) | 1.1 (0.81, 1.4) |
| Anti-convulsants | 3.1 (2.1, 4.8) | 5.8 (4.3, 7.8) | .002 | 2.7 (0.5, 4.8) | 1.8 (1.1, 3.0) | 4.5 (3.5, 5.8) | 9 (6.5, 12) | <.001 | 4.5 (1.5, 7.4) | 2.0 (1.4, 2.9) |
| Bronchodilators | 3.4 (2.5, 4.5) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.7) | .002 | 2.6 (0.1, 5.1) | 1.8 (1.1, 2.8) | 6.3 (4.2, 9.2) | 7.3 (5.8, 9.2) | .14 | 1.1 (−1.8, 3.9) | 1.2 (0.77, 1.8) |
| Antibiotics | 5.9 (4.5, 7.6) | 3.7 (2.5, 5.6) | .009 | −2.1 (−4.2, −0.1) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.0) | 4.4 (3.2, 6.0) | 3.5 (2.2, 5.4) | .014 | −0.9 (−2.9, 1.1) | 0.80 (0.47, 1.3) |
| Anti-arrhythmic Agents | 5.4 (4.7, 6.2) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.7) | <.001 | −3.3 (−4.3, −2.4) | 0.38 (0.28, 0.51) | 17 (14, 19) | 9.0 (6.9, 12) | <.001 | −7.5 (−11, −4.0) | 0.54 (0.40, 0.74) |
| Coagulation Modifiers | 2.7 (1.9, 3.8) | 2.8 (1.9, 3.9) | .02 | 0.0 (−1.3, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.64, 1.6) | 7.0 (5.6, 8.9) | 15 (13, 18) | <.001 | 7.9 (5.0, 11) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.8) |
| Muscle Relaxants | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) | 3.4 (2.4, 4.7) | .04 | 1.6 (0.2, 3.0) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.3) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) | 2.6 (0.9, 7) | .19 | 1.5 (−1.2, 4.2) | 2.4 (0.79, 7.2) |
| H2 Antagonists | 1.9 (1.2, 2.9) | 2.2 (1.2, 4) | .34 | 0.3 (−1.2, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.58, 2.4) | 5.8 (3.7, 9.1) | 4.9 (3.3, 7.1) | .45 | −0.9 (−4.0, 2.2) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.5) |
| Prescription Anti-histamines | 4.6 (3.3, 6.3) | 2.0 (1.3, 2.9) | <.001 | −2.6 (−4.2, −1.0) | 0.43 (0.27, 0.69) | 3.9 (2.7, 5.4) | 3.3 (1.9, 5.6) | .09 | −0.6 (−2.7, 1.6) | 0.85 (0.46, 1.6) |
| Anti-emetic/Anti-vertigo Agents | 2.6 (1.7, 3.8) | 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) | .54 | −0.5 (−1.8, .9) | 0.81 (0.46, 1.4) | 3.8 (2.1, 6.6) | 3.6 (2.4, 5.6) | .38 | −0.1 (−2.7, 2.4) | 0.97 (0.49, 1.9) |
| Glucocorticoids | 2.7 (2.1, 3.5) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) | .01 | −0.9 (−1.9, 0.1) | 0.66 (0.41, 1.1) | 3.8 (2.7, 5.2) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.4) | .02 | −1.4 (−2.8, 0.1) | 0.64 (0.41, 1.0) |
| Male | Female | |||||||||
| 1999–2000 (n=2,261) % |
2011–2012 (n=2,352) % (95% CI) |
P-trend |
Difference
in Prevalenced % (95% CI) |
Ratio
of Prevalencee Ratio (95% CI) |
1999–2000 (n=1,382) % |
2011–2012 (n=1,249) % (95% CI) |
P-trend |
Difference
in Prevalenced % (95% CI) |
Ratio
of Prevalencee Ratio (95% CI) |
|
| Any prescription | 42 (39, 45) | 52 (48, 57) | <.001 | 11 (5.4, 16) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.4) | 59 (55, 63) | 65 (62, 67) | .03 | 5.7 (0.7, 11) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) |
| ≥5 prescriptions | 5.8 (5.2, 6.6) | 13 (10, 16) | <.001 | 7.2 (4.3, 10) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.8) | 10 (9.0, 12) | 16 (15, 19) | <.001 | 6.0 (3.5, 8.6) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) |
| Anti-hypertensive Agents | 18 (16, 21) | 26 (23, 30) | <.001 | 8.0 (3.6, 12) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 21 (18, 24) | 29 (26, 32) | <.001 | 7.7 (3.9, 12) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) |
| Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents | 8.6 (7.4, 10) | 19 (16, 22) | <.001 | 10 (7.3, 14) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.7) | 6.7 (5.8, 7.7) | 18 (15, 20) | <.001 | 11 (8.5, 14) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.2) |
| Anti-depressants | 4.1 (3.1, 5.4) | 8.8 (7.2, 11) | <.001 | 4.8 (2.6, 6.9) | 2.2 (1.6, 3.0) | 9.3 (7.7, 11) | 17 (14, 20) | <.001 | 7.2 (3.6, 11) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) |
| Prescription Analgesics | 9.4 (8.0, 11) | 9.7 (7.6, 12) | .73 | 0.2 (−2.5, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.78, 1.4) | 13 (11, 15) | 13 (10, 16) | .04 | −0.4 (−3.5, 2.8) | 0.97 (0.76, 1.2) |
| Anti-diabetic Agents | 4.6 (3.5, 6.0) | 9.1 (7.7, 11) | <.001 | 4.5 (2.6, 6.4) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) | 4.6 (3.7, 5.8) | 7.4 (6.2, 8.8) | <.001 | 2.8 (1.2, 4.4) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) |
| Prescription Protonpump Inhibitors | 3.4 (2.3, 4.9) | 7.0 (5.1, 9.4) | <.001 | 3.6 (1.1, 6.0) | 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) | 4.3 (3.3, 5.7) | 8.5 (6.6, 11) | <.001 | 4.2 (1.8, 6.6) | 2.0 (1.4, 2.8) |
| Thyroid Hormones | 2.0 (1.3, 3.0) | 3.2 (2.3, 4.6) | .04 | 1.2 (−0.2, 2.7) | 1.6 (0.96, 2.8) | 8.0 (6.7, 9.4) | 9.3 (7.8, 11) | .02 | 1.3 (−0.7, 3.3) | 1.2 (0.93, 1.5) |
| Anxiolytics, Sedatives, Hypnotics | 3.0 (2.2, 4.3) | 5.3 (4.0, 7.0) | .002 | 2.3 (0.5, 4.1) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.7) | 5.2 (4.1, 6.6) | 6.8 (5.4, 8.5) | .01 | 1.5 (−0.4, 3.5) | 1.3 (0.94, 1.8) |
| Anti-convulsants | 1.8 (1.3, 2.4) | 4.9 (3.9, 6.2) | <.001 | 3.1 (1.9, 4.4) | 2.8 (1.9, 3.9) | 2.8 (2.0, 3.9) | 6.0 (4.8, 7.6) | <.001 | 3.2 (1.5, 4.8) | 2.1 (1.5, 3.1) |
| Bronchodilators | 2.3 (1.6, 3.2) | 5.0 (3.6, 6.9) | .001 | 2.7 (0.9, 4.5) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.4) | 4.1 (3.0, 5.5) | 5.3 (4, 6.9) | .006 | 1.2 (−0.6, 3.1) | 1.3 (0.88, 1.9) |
| Antibiotics | 4.6 (3.8, 5.6) | 3.7 (2.7, 5.0) | .047 | −0.9 (−2.3, 0.5) | 0.79 (0.56, 1.1) | 6.6 (5.4, 8.0) | 4.8 (3.7, 6.2) | .001 | −1.7 (−3.4, 0.1) | 0.72 (0.53, 0.99) |
| Anti-arrhythmic Agents | 4.6 (3.6, 5.8) | 2.7 (1.8, 4) | .001 | −1.9 (−3.4, −0.4) | 0.58 (0.37, 0.92) | 5.3 (4.4, 6.2) | 2.8 (2.2, 3.5) | <.001 | −2.5 (−3.5, −1.4) | 0.53 (0.40, 0.70) |
| Coagulation Modifiers | 2.3 (1.7, 3.3) | 4.1 (3.0, 5.7) | <.001 | 1.8 (0.2, 3.3) | 1.8 (1.1, 2.7) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.3) | 3.9 (3.3, 4.7) | <.001 | 1.7 (0.6, 2.9) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.7) |
| Muscle Relaxants | 1.3 (0.7, 2.2) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.8) | .27 | 0.5 (−0.6, 1.5) | 1.4 (0.68, 2.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 3.3 (2.4, 4.4) | .001 | 2.0 (0.9, 3.2) | 2.7 (1.6, 4.3) |
| H2 Antagonists | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.8) | .04 | 0.4 (−0.4, 1.1) | 1.2 (0.82, 1.8) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.9) | 2.7 (1.9, 3.9) | .30 | 0.3 (−1.2, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.63, 1.9) |
| Prescription Anti-histamines | 2.8 (2.0, 3.8) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.2) | <.001 | −1.4 (−2.5, −0.3) | 0.49 (0.28, 0.87) | 4.9 (3.8, 6.3) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.6) | <.001 | −2.1 (−3.5, −0.7) | 0.56 (0.39, 0.80) |
| Anti-emetic/Anti-vertigo Agents | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | .62 | 0.2 (−0.5, 0.9) | 1.2 (0.69, 2.0) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.7) | 2.6 (1.8, 3.7) | .85 | 0.2 (−1.1, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.64, 1.9) |
| Glucocorticoids | 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) | .04 | −0.5 (−1.4, 0.4) | 0.76 (0.45, 1.3) | 2.5 (1.8, 3.3) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | .02 | −0.9 (−1.8, 0.0) | 0.63 (0.41, 0.96) |
a
Results for adults ages 20–39 not presented due to small numbers; however, these results are presented in eTable 4.
b
Overarching drug classes are presented in order of descending prevalence in 2011–2012.
c
All data are weighted to be nationally representative.
d
Difference in prevalence represents the absolute increase or decrease in prevalence of use between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012.
e
Ratio of prevalence represents the relative increase or decrease in prevalence of use between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012.
f
Analyses limited to women
¶
Data withheld due to relative standard error >30%; Results for a given survey cycle are not presented if the relative standard error (RSE=[SE of prevalence/prevalence]*100) exceeds 30%, as denoted by ‘¶’, consistent with NHANES analytic guidelines.40