Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Driving Characteristics Stratified by Gender
| Baseline characteristic | Total sample Mean (SD)or n (%) | Female | Male | p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social comparisona | 4.1 (3.3) | 3.0 (2.6) | 4.5 (3.5) | .026 |
| Female | 33 (28.2%) | 33 (28.2%) | 84 (73.8%) | .04 |
| Age | 76.8 (4.1) | 76.1 (3.7) | 77.3 (4.2) | .15 |
| Ethnic minority | 13 (11.1%) | 4 (12.1%) | 9 (10.7%) | .83 |
| Years of education | 12.6 (2.7) | 13.5 (2.6) | 12.2 (2.6) | .01 |
| MMSE | 28.0 (1.7) | 28.9 (1.2) | 27.7 (1.7) | .0002 |
| Physical impairment | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.2) | .85 |
| Distance vision | 28.4 (9.8) | 30.6 (9.7) | 27.5 (9.7) | .12 |
| Driving distanceb | 120.6 (102.1) | 90.5 (92.4) | 132.4 (103.8) | .05 |
| road-test scorec | 60.4 (5.6) | 61.1 (4.9) | 60.1 (5.8) | .41 |
| Adverse driving events | 14.6 (1.6) | 14.4 (2.0) | 14.7 (1.5) | .34 |
Note. MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.
a
Social comparison scores ranged from –10 to 10 with higher scores indicating stronger downward social-comparisons (thinking more positively of oneself as a driver relative to other older drivers).
b
Average mile driven per week.
c
The road-test score ranged from 0 to 72, with higher scores indicating better driving performance.