To identify signal pathway related to anti-fibrotic effect of Prdx5, Smad2/3 or Stat3 activation were checked in UUO kidney or Prdx5 expressed NRK49F cells for indicated time (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min) after TGF-β treatment. Smad2/3 activation in UUO kidney (A) and in mock- or wild-type Prdx5 transduced NRK49F cells (B) were analyzed by measuring phosphorylation at Ser465/467 in Smad2 and Ser423/425 in Smad3. Total expression of Smad2/3 was evaluated with anti-Smad2/3 antibody. And also, Stat3 activation in UUO kidney (C) and in mock- or wild-type Prdx5 transduced NRK49F cells (D) were analyzed by measuring phosphorylation at Tyr705 in Stat3. Total expression of Stat3 was evaluated with anti-Stat3 antibody. Bar graphs show mean ratio phospho form to total form of Smad2/3 (E) and Stat3 (F) in mock- or wild-type Prdx5 transduced NRK49F cells. *p < 0.05 at 0 min vs. the indicated time; ‡p < 0.05, Mock vs. Prdx5