Table 3.
Risk associations of Retinal Vessel Calibers, Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) and incident Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) (n=5,696)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident rate (‰) | IRR (95 % CI) | p value | IRR (95 % CI) | p value | |
| Female | |||||
| CRAE | |||||
| Tertile 3, >150 µm | 4.5 (3.1, 6.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2, 139–150 µm | 4.8 (3.3, 7.1) | 1.09 (0.62, 1.91) | 0.774 | 1.09 (0.62, 1.92) | 0.759 |
| Tertile 1, <139 µm | 9.2 (6.8, 12.2) | 1.91 (1.08, 3.38) | 0.026 | 1.91 (1.08, 3.38) | 0.027 |
| CRVE | |||||
| Tertile 1, ≤204 µm | 6.9 (5.0, 9.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2, 204–223 µm | 4.7 (3.2, 6.9) | 0.99 (0.57, 1.71) | 0.964 | 0.99 (0.57, 1.71) | 0.975 |
| Tertile 3, ≥223 µm | 6.4 (4.6, 8.9) | 1.67 (0.94, 2.99) | 0.082 | 1.69 (0.95, 3.03) | 0.076 |
| SDB status | |||||
| No SDB | 6.1 (4.9, 7.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| HS | 5.3 (3.3, 8.7) | 0.96 (0.54, 1.72) | 0.896 | 0.95 (0.53, 1.69) | 0.850 |
| PDSA | 8.4 (2.7, 25.9) | 1.80 (0.55, 5.88) | 0.329 | 1.76 (0.54, 5.74) | 0.350 |
| Male | |||||
| CRAE | |||||
| Tertile 3, >150 µm | 10.1 (7.5, 13.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2, 139–150 µm | 11.2 (8.8, 14.6) | 1.21 (0.80, 1.83) | 0.365 | 1.23 (0.82, 1.87) | 0.319 |
| Tertile 1, <139 µm | 16.3 (13.3, 20.1) | 1.67 (1.10, 2.52) | 0.016 | 1.74 (1.15, 2.66) | 0.010 |
| CRVE | |||||
| Tertile 1, ≤204 µm | 11.8 (9.1, 15.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2, 204–223 µm | 12.6 (9.9, 16.1) | 1.38 (0.94, 2.03) | 0.103 | 1.35 (0.92, 1.99) | 0.130 |
| Tertile 3, ≥223 µm | 14.0 (11.1, 17.7) | 1.71 (1.13, 2.59) | 0.012 | 1.67 (1.10, 2.55) | 0.016 |
| SDB status | |||||
| No SDB | 13.2 (11.1, 15.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| HS | 10.2 (7.6, 13.8) | 0.99 (0.68, 1.42) | 0.942 | 0.99 (0.69, 1.43) | 0.962 |
| PDSA | 23.4 (14.3, 38.2) | 2.03 (1.17, 3.51) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.18, 3.56) | 0.010 |
Model 1: Separate models for CRAE and CRVE in one model and SDB status in another model. Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, statin use, benzodiazepine use, and current alcohol use. Model 2: CRAE, CRVE, and SDB status analyzed simultaneously in a single model and adjusted for variables in Model 1
IRR incidence rate ratios, 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval, CRAE central retinal artery equivalent, CRVE central retinal vein equivalent, SDB Sleep disordered breathing, PDSA physician-diagnosed sleep apnea, HS habitual snorers
Numbers set in bold indicate p<0.05