Table 1. Characteristics of individuals [median (first, third quartile), mean±S.D. or n (%)] according to the presence or absence of MS and severe periodontitis.
| Healthy participants | Patients with MS | p* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 45) | (n = 82) | ||||
| Absence of | Presence of | Absence of | Presence of | ||
| severe periodontitis | severe periodontitis | severe periodontitis | severe periodontitis | ||
| (n = 28) | (n = 17) | (n = 25) | (n = 57) | ||
| Age (years) | 44.0 (38.0, 48.0) | 49.0 (39.0, 58.0) | 45.0 (39.0, 50.0) | 53.0 (45.0, 59.0) | 0.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 7 (5.5) | 6 (4.7) | 10 (7.9) | 30 (23.6) | 0.097 |
| Female | 21 (16.5) | 11 (8.7) | 15 (11.8) | 27 (21.3) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.4 (19.3, 22.5) | 22.9 (21.4, 23.7) | 27.3 (25.2, 30.5) | 26.7 (23.7, 29.0) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride levels (mg/dL) | 74.5 (59.3, 88.8) | 61.0 (50.5, 99.0) | 206.0 (148.0, 293.5) | 181.0 (134.0, 293.0) | <0.001 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mg/dL) | 61.0 (58.3, 68.3) | 65.0 (60.5, 73.0) | 42.0 (36.5, 48.0) | 45.0 (39.0, 55.5) | <0.001 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mg/dL) | 107.0 (92.3, 123.0) | 106.0 (90.5, 119.0) | 149.0 (134.5, 164.5) | 166.0 (143.0, 191.5) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol levels (mg/dL) | 182.0 (169.3, 193.8) | 190.0 (157.5, 193.5) | 219.0 (205.5, 243.0) | 238.0 (218.5, 261.5) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.5 (109.5, 126.8) | 115.0 (107.5, 122.5) | 128.0 (117.0, 140.0) | 136.0 (122.0, 141.5) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.5 (69.5, 80.0) | 70.0 (65.5, 76.5) | 82.0 (75.5, 89.5) | 86.0 (79.0, 92.0) | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose levels (mg/dL) | 89.0 (86.0, 93.5) | 92.0 (89.5, 95.0) | 100.0 (96.0, 118.5) | 103.0 (97.0, 119.5) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 75.5 (70.5, 79.0) | 78.0 (73.5, 79.0) | 91.0 (87.5, 95.0) | 91.0 (86.0, 94.5) | <0.001 |
| Smoking habit | |||||
| No | 28 (22.0) | 16 (12.6) | 22 (17.3) | 50 (39.4) | 0.249 |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.4) | 7 (5.5) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| No | 22 (17.3) | 11 (8.7) | 17 (13.4) | 39 (30.7) | 0.501 |
| Yes | 4 (3.1) | 3 (2.4) | 7 (5.5) | 17 (13.4) | |
| Tooth brushing (times/day) | |||||
| 1 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 0.117 |
| ≥2 | 28 (22.0) | 15 (11.8) | 25 (20.0) | 55 (43.3) | |
| Education level | |||||
| < Bachelor degree | 9 (7.1) | 10 (7.9) | 7 (5.5) | 28 (22.0) | 0.068 |
| ≥ Bachelor degree | 18 (14.2) | 6 (4.7) | 18 (14.2) | 27 (21.3) | |
| Exercise | |||||
| Yes | 12 (9.4) | 6 (4.7) | 19 (15.0) | 41 (32.3) | 0.020 |
| No | 12 (9.4) | 8 (6.3) | 3 (2.4) | 11 (8.7) | |
| Occupation | |||||
| Government officer / Employee | 11 (8.7) | 6 (5.0) | 12 (9.4) | 22 (17.3) | |
| Commerce | 8 (6.3) | 3 (2.4) | 7 (5.5) | 18 (14.2) | 0.780 |
| Miscellaneous | 9 (7.1) | 8 (6.3) | 6 (4.7) | 17 (13.4) | |
| Alveolar bone loss (%) | 14.5 (12.4, 17.5) | 15.1 (11.9, 29.5) | 15.8 (12.2, 17.7) | 16.8 (13.3, 23.0) | 0.027 |
* Qualitative data were analyzed using Chi–square.
Quantitative data with normal distribution (Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were analyzed using ANOVA and the remaining data without normal distribution were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test.