FIG. 8.

Multi-scale simulation of brain blood flow: Continuum-atomistic simulation of platelet aggregation at the wall of an aneurysm at Re = 394 obtained by coupling NekTar with the atomistic code DPD-LAMMPS.¹¹ The patient-specific geometry was constructed from MRI imaging and contains 3 embedded atomistic domains to resolve the microrheology. Continuum blood flow is computed with O(0.1 mm) resolution and clot formation with O(1 μm) resolution. Yellow dots correspond to active platelets and red dots to inactive platelets. Streamlines depict the instantaneous velocity field. Notice the predicted detachment of small platelet clusters due to shear-flow as the clot formation process progresses in time and space. Reprinted with permission from L. Grinberg, D. A. Fedosov, and G. E. Karniadakis, “Parallel multiscale simulations of a brain aneurysm,” J. Comput. Phys. 244, 131–147 (2013). Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V.