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. 2015 Jun 18;100(2):227–234. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306534

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Biological mechanisms implicated in diabetic retinopathy. AGEs, advanced glycation endproducts; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BRB, blood-retinal barrier; ET-1, endothelin-1; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NFkB, nuclear factor kappa beta; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PEDF, pigment-epithelium derived factor; PKC, protein kinase C; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldostrerone system; RGC, retinal ganglion cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TGF, transforming growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.