Comparison of gene expression in macrophages by transfection with hY3 RNA and stimulation with immune complexes (IC) comprised of anti-Ro60, Ro60 and hY3 RNA. Total gene expression is reported by each dot representing the same transcript probe in macrophages treated with IC (mean value, N = 2) in the absence (A) and presence (B) of cotreatment with IRS661 and hY3-transfection with (B) or without (A) cotreatment with hydroxychloroquine (n = 1) (log2 relative expression shown). For analysis, inclusion of probes in the RNA array profile was based on values of −1 ≤ log2 (hY3/untreated) ≥ 1; expression was substantially shifted for stimulated macrophages given co-treatment of HCQ and IRS661. While IC-treated human macrophages rely on Fcγ receptor-mediated delivery of hY3 RNA, the phenotype of this condition was similar to macrophages given hY3 RNA, which was transfected directly into macrophages using a lipid-based transfection reagent without Abs.