Table 1.
Demographics from the three groups in the initial ANOVA analyses.
| Demographics: | |||||||||
| Age | 63.33 | (3.80) | 63.38 | (3.15) | 62.97 | (2.17) | 63.44 | (2.45) | F3.158=0.15, p=0.93, η2=0.003; BF10=0.06 |
| Education | 15.06 | (2.12) | 14.60 | (2.29) | 14.68 | (2.01) | 13.67 | (2.92) | F3.158=0.96, p=0.41, η2=0.02; BF10=0.12 |
| Handedness (R,L,A) | (26,5,2) | (69,18,2) | (28,3,0) | (8,1,0) | Χ2=5.08, p=0.53; BF10=2.65e-4 |
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| Control Measures: | |||||||||
| Pre-injury IntelligenceT | 70.52 | (14.24) | 63.28 | (23.20) | 70.61 | (16.66) | 55.67 | (24.37) | F3.158=2.32, p=0.08, η2=0.04; BF10=0.56 |
| Post-injury Intelligence*** | 75.28 | (21.45) | 66.68 | (26.37) | 61.39 | (25.11) | 28.73 | (31.31) | F3.158=8.19, p<0.001, η2=0.14; BF10=185.55 |
| Depression | 10.64 | (8.74) | 7.96 | (7.67) | 7.55 | (9.44) | 6.11 | (6.68) | F3.158=1.24, p=0.30, η2=0.02; BF10=0.18 |
| Anxiety | 37.55 | (12.45) | 33.65 | (10.14) | 33.26 | (11.54) | 31.11 | (7.37) | F3.158=1.46, p=0.23, η2=0.03; BF10=0.23 |
| PTSD | 83.67 | (22.88) | 79.79 | (22.70) | 76.26 | (18.68) | 74.33 | (19.58) | F3.158=0.80, p=0.50, η2=0.02; BF10=0.11 |
: Significant at the p<0.001 level;
: Trending at p<0.1. Age and education are listed in the number of years. Pre-injury intelligence is a percentile score on the Armed-Forces Qualification Test (AFQT-7A), which was collected at induction to the military and is highly correlated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III; Grafman et al., 1988). Post-injury intelligence was measured using percentile scores on the WAIS-III (Wechsler, 1997) at the time of evaluation. Missing values for both the pre-injury intelligence and post-injury intelligence scores were filled using a mean replacement method. Lastly, given their potential association with alexithymia, we also analyzed raw scores from the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, 1996), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1983), and the Mississippi PTSD scale (Keane et al., 1988).