Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 189)
| Characteristic | n | Mean (SD) or % (n) | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 186 | 30.3 (4.2) | 21.2–42.6 |
| Gestational Age | 189 | 25.6 (3.2) | 20.0–30.0 |
| Race | 188 | ||
| White | 82.4 (155) | ||
| African American | 10.6 (20) | ||
| Other | 7.0 (13) | ||
| Education | 189 | ||
| High school graduate | 5.8 (11) | ||
| Some college or technical school | 22.2 (42) | ||
| College graduate | 72.0 (136) | ||
| Employment | 189 | ||
| Employed for wages full time | 56.1 (106) | ||
| Employed for wages part time | 10.6 (20) | ||
| Self-employed | 10.0 (19) | ||
| Student | 3.2 (6) | ||
| Homemaker | 18.5 (35) | ||
| Out of work | 1.6 (3) | ||
| Household annual income | 189 | ||
| <$25,000 | 11.1 (21) | ||
| $25,000–$49,999 | 15.9 (30) | ||
| $50,000–$74,999 | 18.0 (34) | ||
| $75,000 or more | 55.0 (104) | ||
| Marital status | 188 | ||
| Single | 4.8 (9) | ||
| Married/member of unmarried couple | 94.2 (177) | ||
| Divorced | 1.1 (2) | ||
| Parity | 189 | ||
| 0 | 51.9 (98) | ||
| 1 | 31.8 (60) | ||
| 2+ | 16.4 (31) | ||
| Smoking during pregnancy | 189 | 1.1 (2) | |
| Prepregnancy BMI | 188 | 25.7 (5.5) | 18.6–42.3 |
| Prepregnancy BMI category | 188 | ||
| Healthy weight | 59.3 (112) | ||
| Overweight | 19.1 (36) | ||
| Obese | 21.2 (40) | ||
| Diagnosed pregnancy conditions | 189 | ||
| Preeclampsia | 1 (2) | ||
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 1.6 (3) | ||
| Other pregnancy complications | 5.3 (10) | ||
| Diagnosed chronic health conditions | 189 | ||
| Hypertension | 10.1 (19) | ||
| Type 1 diabetes | 3.1 (6) | ||
| Cancer | 2.1 (4) | ||
| Other health conditions | 5.8 (11) |