Table 2.

Perlecan’s processed forms in biological tissues and fluids.

Tissue/Fluid	Condition	Endorepellin and its fragments	Biomarker for	References
Murine aged gastrocnemius muscle extracts	Sarcopenia	LG1/2	Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function	[285]
Secretome of mast cells	Inflammation	Endorepellin and shorter forms	Inflammation	[160]
Secretome of endothelial cells	Apoptotic endothelial cells	LG3 and other endorepellin’s fragments	Fibrosis	[194]; [152, 283]; [299]
Secretome of pancreatic and colon carcinoma cells	Colon carinomas and pancreatic cancer	LG3 and other endorepellin’s fragments	High turnover rate of cancer cells	[193]; [287]
Secretome of neurons and neurovasculature cells	Brain infarcts	LG3	Oxygen and glucose deprivation in neuronal cells	[281, 282]
Growth plate of fetal cartilage (upper zone)	Blood vessel invasion within cartilage	Endorepellin	Fetal ischemia and vascular injury	[196]
Amniotic fluid	Premature rupture of fetal membranes	LG3	Fetal ischemia and vascular injury	[277]; [278]
Amniotic fluid	Mothers carrying Down Syndrome fetuses	LG3	Abnormal fetal development and vascular injury	[279]
Urine	End-stage renal disease	LG3	Vascular injury	[284]
Urine	Chronic allograft nephropathy	LG3	Immune-mediated vascular injury	[197]
Urine	Children with sleep apnea	LG3	Brain ischemia	[280]
Blood	Patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia	LG3	Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia	[286]
Blood	Normal subjects and breast cancer patients	LG3	Breast cancer	[183]