. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015 Nov 23;112:30–36. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.11.007

Table 2.

Hazard ratios of postpartum diabetes according to the fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose and HbA1c at 26-30 gestational weeks

	No. of participants	No. of cases	Person-years	Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals)
	No. of participants	No. of cases	Person-years	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c	Model 4^d
Fasting glucose categories (mmol/1)
<6.1	1091	52	2482	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
6.1–6.9	132	18	310	2.76 (1.61–4.73)	2.42 (1.39–4.22)	1.55 (0.85–2.85)	1.00 (0.48–2.07)
≥7.0	40	13	98	5.30 (2.88–9.76)	3.32 (1.65–6.67)	1.03 (0.46–2.31)	0.57 (0.20–1.61)
P for trend				<.001	<.001	0.31	0.52
Fasting glucose as a continuous variable (one mmol/1 increase)				1.67 (1.44–1.93)	1.61 (1.36–1.91)	1.04 (0.81–1.32)	0.72 (0.51–0.99)
2-hour glucose categories (mmol/1)
7.8–8.6	576	14	1346	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
8.7–11.0	581	41	1296	3.49 (1.90–6.40)	3.44 (1.85–6.39)	3.35 (1.80–6.25)	3.31 (1.68–6.53)
≥11.1	106	28	248	12.1 (6.34–23.1)	9.64 (4.90–19.0)	8.81 (4.08–19.0)	8.67 (3.51–21.4)
P for trend				<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
2-hour glucose as a continuous variable (one mmol/1 increase)				1.68 (1.51–1.87)	1.63 (1.45–1.84)	1.61 (1.38–1.87)	1.79 (1.46–2.18)
HbA1c (%)
<5.6 (38 mmol/mol)	383	4	796	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
5.6–6.0 (38–42 mmol/mol)	348	19	721	4.90 (1.66–14.4)	4.74 (1.60–14.1)	4.64 (1.56–13.8)	3.89 (1.30–11.6)
≥6.1 (43 mmol/mol)	377	43	788	10.1 (3.60–28.2)	8.35 (2.95–23.6)	7.83 (2.75–22.3)	6.71 (2.35–19.2)
P for trend				<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001
HbA1c as a continuous variable (one unit [%] increase)				2.22 (1.64–3.01)	2.11 (1.50–2.97)	1.86 (1.25–2.77)	1.61 (1.02–2.40)

Adjusted for age, prepregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, current BMI, family history of diabetes, marital status, education, income, smoking status, passive smoking, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol drinking, and intake of energy, saturated fat, and dietary fiber.