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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 14.
Published in final edited form as: Health Econ. 2014 Jul 30;24(10):1348–1367. doi: 10.1002/hec.3092

Table A.1.

Variable description

Variable Mean
Dependent variables

Died between t+1 and t+7 0.110

Health problems diagnosed between t+1 and t+5
Cancer 0.055
Circulatory disease 0.044
Stroke 0.023
Respiratory disease 0.013
Digestive disease 0.011
Genitourinary disease 0.010

Healthy lifestyles
Not overweight (BMI<25) 0.483
Nonsmoker currently 0.705
Exercise (more than 1 hour a week) 0.456

Control variables

Age-gender
Male between 40 and 50 0.160
Female between 40 and 50 (reference category) 0.179
Male between 50 and 60 0.137
Female between 50 and 60 0.142
Male between 60 and 70 0.098
Female between 60 and 70 0.099
Male between 70 and 80 0.063
Female between 70 and 80 0.072
Male 80+ 0.019
Female 80+ 0.030

Married 0.751

Has children 0.251

Highest degree of education attained
Primary education (reference category) 0.256
Lower vocational education 0.196
Lower general or scientific secondary education 0.090
Higher vocational, general or scientific secondary education 0.271
Higher vocational education or a university degree 0.188

Home owner 0.631

Preference shifters

Religion
Catholic 0.359
Protestant - Dutch reformed 0.174
Protestant - Presbyterian 0.074
Other protestant (reference category) 0.327
Muslim 0.009
Other religion, or not religious 0.057

Region
North 0.120
East 0.231
West (reference category) 0.404
South 0.245

Urbanization
Very low population density (reference category) 0.178
Low population density 0.240
Average population density 0.221
High population density 0.242
Very high population density 0.120