Table 2.
Proteomic studies for discovering diagnostic inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers
| Ref. | Bio-sample | Sample size | Proteomic technique | Results |
| Meuwis et al[22] | Serum | CD: 30 | SELDI-TOF | 4 candidate proteins selected for high diagnostic value; PF4, MRP8, FIBA, Hpα 2. PF4 and Hpα 2 were also confirmed and correlated using ELISA and immunoblotting |
| UC: 30 | ||||
| Inflammatory control: 30 | ||||
| Healthy controls: 30 | ||||
| Kanmura et al[23] | Blood | CD: 22 | SELDI-TOF | Plasma concentrations of HNP1, 2 and 3 were significantly higher in active UC compared to inactive UC, CD and control patients |
| UC: 48 | ||||
| Colorectal Cancer: 5 | ||||
| Infectious colitis: 6 | ||||
| Healthy controls: 13 | ||||
| Hatsugai et al[24] | Blood | CD: 13 | 2-DE | Multivariate analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells protein profile 58 protein) allowed for accurate discrimination between UC and CD |
| UC: 17 | MALDI-TOF | |||
| Healthy controls: 17 | ||||
| Nanni et al[25] | Blood | Healthy controls: 48 | Liquid chromatography quadrupole-TOF | Exopeptidase activity may distinguish CD from UC. Label free method developed could accurately distinguish synthetic spiked samples of serum |
| CD: 15 | SELDI-TOF | |||
| Sumramanian et al[26] | Serum | CD: 48 | Protein signature of 12 mass: Charge peaks could classify CD with approximately equal 95% sensitivity/specificity | |
| UC: 62 | 4 proteins identified as clinically useful | |||
| Nanni et al[27] | Serum | Healthy controls: 48 | Solid-phase extraction MALDI-TOF | 20 protein signals could be used to accurately classify IBD patients |
| CD: 15 | ||||
| UC: 26 | ||||
| Vaiopoulou et al[28] | Serum | CD: 24 (12 adults, 12 children) | 2-DE | Clusterin was found to be overexpressed in adult CD. Ceruloplasmin and apolipoprotein B-100 was over-expressed in children |
| MALDI-TOF | ||||
| Han et al[34] | Intestinal biopsy | CD: 3 | Liquid chromatography quadrupole-TOF | Increased in UC: TTBK2, SYNE2, SUCLG2, POSTN |
| UC: 4 | Up-regulated in CD: ANXA2, EPX, LAP3, RDX | |||
| Inflammatory polyps: 2 | Up-regulated in IBD: S100A8, MPO, DEFA1B | |||
| Up-regulated in CD (P < 0.05 AND > 2x increase): PRG2, LCP1, PSME1 | ||||
| Normal colon: 3 | ||||
| M’koma et al[35] | Colon samples | CD: 27 | Histology directed MALDI-TOF | 5 m:z peaks were identified and cross-validated for the differentiation of UC and CD |
| UC: 24 | ||||
| Seeley et al[36] | Colon samples | CD: 26 | Histology directed MALDI-TOF | Using a support vector machine and 25 m:z peaks, UC and CD cases were predicted in 93.3% and 60.4% respectively. A lower spectral accuracy cut-off increased sensitivity |
| UC: 36 | ||||
| Wasinger et al[39] | Serum | UC: 27 | MRM | SPP24 differentiated IBD patients from healthy controls |
| CD: 56 | α-1-microglobulin distinguished patients with UC in remission from healthy controls | |||
| Controls: 14 | ||||
| RA controls: 12 |
CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; MRM: Multiple reaction monitoring; PF4: Platelet factor 4; MRP8: Myeloid related protein 8; FIBA: Fibrinopeptide A; Hpα2: Haptoglobin α2.