Table 1. Comparison between modeling group and validation group by clinicopathological characteristics.
| Characteristic | Modeling No. (%) | Validation No. (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Patients | 322 (100%) | 234 (100%) | - |
| Age at diagnosis (year) | 0.218 | ||
| <=35 | 25 (7.8%) | 12 (5.1%) | |
| >35 | 297 (92.2%) | 222(94.9%) | |
| Menopausal status | 0.155 | ||
| Premenopausal | 182 (56.5%) | 118 (50.4%) | |
| Postmenopausal | 140 (43.5%) | 116 (49.6%) | |
| Clinical Tumor size (mm) | 0.594 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 30 (23, 40) | 30 (24, 40) | |
| Clinical tumor size | 0.355 | ||
| T1 | 74 (23.0%) | 44(18.8%) | |
| T2 | 223 (69.3%) | 169(72.2%) | |
| T3 | 22 (6.8%) | 21(9.0%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (0.9%) | 0(0.0%) | |
| Tumor location | 0.457 | ||
| UOQ | 152 (47.2%) | 118(50.4%) | |
| LQQ | 42 (13.0%) | 25(10.7%) | |
| UIQ | 51 (15.8%) | 43(18.4%) | |
| LIQ | 15 (4.7%) | 14(6.0%) | |
| Central | 62 (19.3%) | 34(14.5%) | |
| Histological grade | 0.085 | ||
| I | 49 (15.2%) | 24(10.2%) | |
| II | 104 (32.3%) | 95(40.6%) | |
| III | 154 (47.8%) | 113(48.3%) | |
| Unknown | 15 (4.7%) | 2(0.9%) | |
| Histological type | 0.49 | ||
| Ductal | 294 (91.3%) | 220(94.0%) | |
| Lobular | 10 (3.1%) | 5(2.1%) | |
| Other | 18 (5.6%) | 9(3.9%) | |
| ER | 0.006 | ||
| Negative | 119 (37.0%) | 78(33.3%) | |
| 1+ | 22 (6.8%) | 25(10.7%) | |
| 2+ | 57 (17.7%) | 21(9.0%) | |
| 3+ | 124 (38.5%) | 110(47.0%) | |
| PR | 0.654 | ||
| Negative | 132 (41.0%) | 106(45.3%) | |
| 1+ | 38 (11.8%) | 30(12.8%) | |
| 2+ | 63 (19.6%) | 39(16.7%) | |
| 3+ | 89 (27.6%) | 59(25.2%) | |
| Her-2 | 0.336 | ||
| Negative | 223 (69.3%) | 153(65.4%) | |
| Positive | 99 (30.7%) | 81(34.6%) | |
| Ki-67 | 0.08 | ||
| <=14 | 51 (15.9%) | 25(10.7%) | |
| >14 | 268 (83.2%) | 207(88.5%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (0.9%) | 2(0.8%) | |
| P53 | <0.001 | ||
| Negative | 117 (36.3%) | 38(16.2%) | |
| Positive | 197 (61.2%) | 191(81.6%) | |
| Unknown | 8 (2.5%) | 5(2.2%) | |
| VEGF-C | 0.231 | ||
| Negative | 75 (23.3%) | 43(18.4%) | |
| Positive | 222 (68.9%) | 165(70.5%) | |
| Unknown | 25 (7.8%) | 26(11.1%) | |
| Molecular subtype | 0.622 | ||
| Luminal A | 173 (53.7%) | 119(50.9%) | |
| Luminal B | 44 (13.7%) | 38(16.2%) | |
| HER-2 enriched | 51 (15.8%) | 43(18.4%) | |
| Triple negative | 54 (16.8%) | 34(14.5%) | |
| Lymph node detected by ultrasound Number | 0.025 | ||
| 1 | 123 (38.2%) | 68(29.1%) | |
| >=2 | 199 (61.8%) | 166(70.9%) | |
| Transverse diameter (mm) | 0.005 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 13 (10, 17) | 15 (11, 18) | |
| Longitudinal diameter (mm) | 0.092 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 7 (5, 9) | 7 (5.75, 10) | |
| Longitudinal to transverse ratio | 0.441 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 0.53 (0.44, 0.67) | 0.53 (0.42, 0.67) | |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 0.029 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (3, 7) | |
| Absence of medulla | 0.522 | ||
| Yes | 87 (27.0%) | 69(29.5%) | |
| No | 235 (73.0%) | 165(70.5%) | |
| Absence of hilum | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 126 (39.1%) | 128(54.7%) | |
| No | 196 (60.9%) | 106(45.3%) | |
| Lymph node metastases | 0.147 | ||
| Yes | 163 (50.6%) | 133(56.8%) | |
| No | 159 (49.4%) | 101(43.2%) |
UOQ: upper outer quadrant; UIQ: upper inner quadrant; LOQ: lower outer quadrant;
LIQ: lower inner quadrant; IQR: Interquartile range, which is the 25th percentile, 75th percentile.