Table 3. Comparison of current work and relevant reports on the functionalization of graphene and proposed enhancement mechanism.

Ref.	Species and method for functionalizing graphene	Synthesis method for catalysts	Mechanism for the enhanced performance
27	—	Pulsed galvanostatic electrodeposition	Synergistic effects
28	—	Magnetron sputtering	Porous honeycomb-like structure; Large surface area; Enhanced interactions
29	—	Chemical reduction	Bifunctional effect between Pt NPs and remaining oxygenated groups on graphene
30	Nitrogen-doped; Chemical reduction	Chemical reduction	Smaller particle size; Modulated electronic properties of Pt
31	Boron-doped; Thermal annealing	Microwave-assisted polyol process	Uniform deposition of Pt NPs; Lower d-band center
32	Nitrogen-doped; Hydrothermal	Hydrothermal	Smaller particle size; Stronger binding energy between Pt and N-doped graphene
33	Nitrogen-doped and ZrO2-decorated; Atomic layer deposition	Chemical reduction	Unique structure
34	Nitrogen-doped; Ultrosonic cavitation assisted hydrogen implosion	Chemical reduction	Enhanced electronic conductivity; Special structure
Current work	Grafted with taurine molecules; One-pot method	Self-assembly	Smaller particle size and uniform distribution; Lower d-band center; Enhanced charge transfer ability