Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Data of all Participants
| Variable | Healthy Controls (n = 29)a | Patients (n = 29)a | Statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | χ2/t b | df | P | |
| Age (y) | 30.9 | 8.4 | 27.6 | 6.8 | −1.64 | 56 | .018 |
| Gender (male/female) | 19/10 | 19/10 | 0.00 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Education (y) | 12.0 | 1.6 | 11.1 | 1.5 | −2.03 | 53 | .985 |
| # Smoker/ex-smoker/nonsmoker | 13/1/14 | 21/2/4 | 7.76 | 2 | .021 | ||
| # Cigarettes smoked per day | 6.9 | 10.1 | 14.2 | 11.6 | 2.51 | 53 | .015 |
| Age at disease onset (y) | 22.9 | 3.8 | |||||
| Duration of illness (y) | 3.8 | 4.1 | |||||
| CGI score | 4.9 | 0.7 | |||||
| PANSS positive subscore | 17.8 | 6.7 | |||||
| PANSS negative subscore | 19.5 | 5.2 | |||||
| PANSS general subscore | 35.4 | 8.3 | |||||
Note: CGI, Clinical Global Impression Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
a29 patients and 29 controls were included in the sample. Missing data included: 1 control and 2 patients from smokers’ data, 1 patient from disease onset, 1 patient from duration of illness, and 1 patient from CGI.
bStudent’s t for age, education, and number of cigarettes smoked per day; χ2 for gender and smoker status.