The effector cells that mainly infiltrate the dermis region of the skin are decreased in the SOD3-transduced MSC group. (A–D) IHC analysis of infiltrating immune cells in skin. (A) T-cell count, (B) Gr1+ cell count, and (C) CD11C+ cell count. (D) Representative images of the skin. The arrows indicate the infiltration of effector cells. Quantification of staining was performed by two researchers for two sections of two mice in each group. Data are represented as mean ± SD. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 (control group vs. IMQ-treated group for all cases); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (IMQ-treated group vs. MSC-treated group for all cases); $p < 0.05 (day 6 vs. day 12). Scale bar, 200 μm. IHC, immunohistochemistry. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars