Table 1.

Situation awareness measures

Measure	Description	Rigor/outcomes
Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) http://medicalemergencyteam.com/	An observational rating scale designed initially as a resuscitation team NTS measure. TEAM includes two elements related to SA (projection and perception).	A content validity index of 0.96 and an internal consistency of 0.89. Mean intraclass correlation coefficient for the 11 items was 0.60.20
Anesthetic Non-Technical Skills (ANTS)	An observational rating scale designed to measure anesthetists’ NTS in four categories, one of which is SA.	Internal consistency ranged from 0.79 to 0.86.
		Interrater reliability was lowest in the SA category (0.56).23
Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS)	An observational rating scale designed to measure surgeons’ NTS in five categories, one of which was SA.	Good interrater reliability for the categories of “communication and teamwork” (0.70) and “leadership” (0.72) but lower reliability for SA (0.51). Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.95–0.99.29
Non-Technical skills (NOTECHS)	An observational rating scale designed to measure NTS for ODPs, scrub nurses, anesthetists, and surgeons. Vigilance/situation awareness is measured in slightly different ways for each professional group.	Internal consistency was 0.77–0.87. SA had the least consistency overall for subdivisions of professional groups (0.66–0.85).32
Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT)	A direct measurement technique for SA measuring “perception”, “understanding” and “prediction” of future events. Goal-directed task analysis used to develop the goals and decisions associated with the work task to produce questions related to the levels of SA.	In nursing and midwifery trials in simulated settings, low SA scores have been identified (53%).37 Higher SA scores were correlated with a younger age group.21

Abbreviations: SA, situation awareness; NTS, nontechnical skills; ODPs, operating department assistants.