Table 2.
Univariate analysis of potential confounders of compliance
| Category | Compliance
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage points | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Explanatory variables | |||
| DPI compared to pMDI | −5.89 | 0.706 | (0.593–0.841) |
| ICS/LABA (baseline formoterol/beclomethasone) | |||
| Formoterol/budesonide | −0.37 | 0.976 | (0.789–1.207) |
| Salmeterol/fluticasone | 5.99** | 1.409** | (1.131–1.755) |
| Therapy line (baseline first line) | |||
| Second line | 17.47* | 2.441* | (1.848–3.224) |
| Third line | 68.98* | 31.384* | (11.00–89.52) |
| FEV1 measure | −0.41 | 0.97 | (0.968–0.983) |
| Age | 0.11** | 1.007** | (1.002–1.011) |
| Male | 1.50 | 1.092 | (0.932–1.281) |
| Retired | 4.17** | 1.278** | (1.090–1.498) |
| Obesity | 1.73 | 1.108 | (0.932–1.317) |
| Smoking | −4.15** | 0.783** | (0.648–0.945) |
| Stroke | 2.52 | 1.160 | (0.839–1.602) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.23 | 1.210 | (0.923–1.584) |
| Hypertension | 3.64* | 1.239* | (1.035–1.484) |
| Diabetes | −2.53 | 0.861 | (0.685–1.082) |
| Dyslipidemia | −0.57 | 0.994 | (0.847–1.167) |
| Alcoholism | 6.18 | 1.439 | (0.905–2.290) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2.77 | 1.177 | (0.801–1.731) |
| Organ failures | 6.29** | 1.449** | (1.139–1.843) |
| Dementia | −4.29 | 0.777 | (0.450–1.341) |
| Depression | −1.75 | 0.902 | (0.737–1.035) |
| Neoplasm | 0.36 | 1.021 | (0.781–1.335) |
| Allergy | 3.84** | 1.255** | (1.074–1.465) |
| Number of exacerbations | 2.01** | 1.126** | (1.018–1.245) |
| Number of acute exacerbations | 0.76 | 1.046 | (0.761–1.438) |
| Number of mild/moderate exacerbations | 2.77** | 1.178** | (1.047–1.325) |
| Severity of asthma (baseline intermittent) | |||
| Mild persistent | 8.40* | 1.857* | (1.480–2.327) |
| Moderate persistent | 13.52* | 2.473* | (2.000–3.057) |
| Severe persistent | 17.85* | 3.064* | (1.865–5.032) |
| Time from diagnosis | 0.26 | 1.01 | (0.999–1.033) |
| Oral corticosteroids | 2.91 | 1.187 | (0.982–1.435) |
| Systemic antibiotics | 8.40** | 1.642** | (1.187–2.274) |
| SABA | 6.96* | 1.509* | (1.240–1.836) |
| Visits to GP | 0.21* | 1.012* | (1.006–1.018) |
| Emergency visits | 2.05 | 1.12 | (0.962–1.323) |
| Sick leave | −0.04 | 0.99 | (0.993–1.001) |
| Cost | −0.11* | 0.994* | (0.991–0.996) |
Notes:
*
P<0.001,
**
P<0.05.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DPI, dry powder inhaler; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; GP, general practitioner; ICS/LABA, inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2-agonist; pMDI, pressurized metered dose inhaler; SABA, short-acting β2-agonist; SD, standard deviation.