Table 4.
Final specification: ordered logistic regression analysis: predicting compliance for asthmatic patients
| McFadden’s R2=0.239 | Compliance
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage points | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Explanatory variables | |||
| DPI compared to pMDI | −10.67** | 0.457** | (0.229–0.909) |
| ICS/LABA compared to formoterol/beclomethasone | |||
| Formoterol/budesonide | 7.75 | 1.761 | (0.837–3.706) |
| Salmeterol/fluticasone | 3.37 | 1.309 | |
| FEV1 | 9.78* | 0.977* | (0.959–0.996) |
| Therapy line | |||
| Second line | 0.75 | 1.056 | (0.755–1.475) |
| Third line | 52.7* | 27.09* | (8.657–84.78) |
| Age groups compared to the oldest group | |||
| 18–28 | 6.25 | 2.236 | (0.841–6.427) |
| 29–39 | 15.64** | 3.625** | (1.375–9.547) |
| 40–50 | 12.68** | 2.961** | (1.150–7.634) |
| 51–61 | 13.59** | 3.154** | (1.368–7.727) |
| 62–72 | −4.59 | 1.496 | (1.496–3.141) |
| 73–83 | −9.38 | 1.598 | (0.738–3.460) |
| Retirement | 1.71 | 1.342 | (0.540–2.379) |
| Allergy | 1.76 | 1.138 | (0.937–1.381) |
| Number of comorbidities | |||
| 1 | −1.86 | 0.877 | (0.665–1.157) |
| 2 | −4.82 | 0.704 | (0.488–1.017) |
| 3 | −7.52** | 0.566** | (0.367–0.874) |
| >4 | −7.16** | 0.584** | (0.505–1.557) |
| Acute event/condition | 1.08 | 1.082 | (0.796–1.471) |
| Obesity | 2.69 | 1.218 | (0.933–1.591) |
| Alcoholism | 7.98** | 1.795** | (1.013–3.179) |
| Smoking | 0.58 | 1.043 | (0.788–1.381) |
| Acute exacerbation | −1.60 | 0.886 | (0.505–1.557) |
| Moderate (compared with no exacerbation) | |||
| 1 moderate exacerbation | 15.03 | 2.736 | (1.003–6.463) |
| ≥2 moderate exacerbations | 20.35** | 3.726** | (1.111–10.49) |
| Visit to the emergency room | −8.20 | 0.517 | (0.235–1.134) |
| Additional visit to the GP | 1.98* | 1.156* | (1.137–1.175) |
| Visiting a GP | |||
| Two times per month (on average) | −25.83* | 0.094* | (0.674–0.131) |
| Three times per month (on average) | −39.12* | 0.025* | (0.001–0.005) |
| Average pharmacological cost per month | 0.22 | 1.016 | (0.998–1.035) |
| Day lost due to some event related with asthma | −0.81 | 0.941 | (0.680–1.300) |
| Potential underlying mechanism | |||
| Severity related to DPI | |||
| Severity/Accuhaler® | 4.98** | 1.441** | (1.049–1.978) |
| Severity/Turbuhaler® | 4.98 | 1.037 | (0.812–1.324) |
| Severity/NEXThaler® | 2.64 | 1.214 | (0.877–1.680) |
| Exacerbations related to each inhaler | |||
| Accuhaler® | −21.98* | 0.199* | (0.074–0.532) |
| Turbuhaler® | −9.84 | 0.482 | (0.193–1.203) |
| NEXThaler® | −15.25** | 0.326** | (0.107–0.995) |
| pMDI | −14.24** | 0.351** | (0.139–0.886) |
| Visit to GP related to each ICS/LABA | |||
| Salmeterol/fluticasone | −65.84* | 0.008* | (0.001–0.498) |
| Formoterol/budesonide | −90.17* | 0.0013* | (0.001–0.009) |
| Formoterol/fluticasone | −65.43* | 0.008* | (0.001–0.055) |
| Visit to GP for retired patient | 4.15** | 1.356** | (0.992–0.055) |
| Costs for each age group (baseline 83–97 group) | |||
| 18–28 | −0.37** | 0.973** | (0.948–0.998) |
| 29–39 | −0.29** | 0.978** | (0.958–0.998) |
| 40–50 | −0.22 | 0.983 | (0.964–1.003) |
| 51–61 | 0.29** | 0.978** | (0.962–0.994) |
| 62–72 | 0.007 | 1.005 | (0.987–1.015) |
| 73–83 | 0.003 | 1.002 | (0.987–1.010) |
Notes:
*
P<0.001,
**
P<0.05.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DPI, dry powder inhaler; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; GP, general practitioner; ICS/LABA, inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2-agonist; pMDI, pressurized metered dose inhaler; SD, standard deviation; –, not considered within the regression.