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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2015 Apr;62(4):1179–1184. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2014.2381002

TABLE I.

Summary of Tendon Sizes and Mechanical Properties

Specimen CSA [mm2] Length [mm] Displacement [mm] Strain [%] Young’s Modulus [GPa]



MTS UEI MTS UEI MTS UEI
1 23.0 ± 3.8 210 6.5 ± 0.8 1.3 ± 0.8 3.1 ± 0.2 3.7 ± 0.8 0.78 ± 0.05 0.66 ± 0.14
2 24.8 ± 0.6 215 11.1 ± 0.4 3.3 ± 0.1 5.2 ± 0.2 5.3 ± 0.3 0.43 ± 0.02 0.42 ± 0.03
3 30.8 ± 1.5 230 13.0 ± 0.3 3.6 ± 1.3 5.7 ± 0.1 7.2 ± 1.9 0.32 ± 0.01 0.26 ± 0.04
4 31.3 ± 1.8 180 7.5 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.6 4.2 ± 0.1 5.0 ± 0.5 0.43 ± 0.01 0.36 ± 0.04
5 28.1 ± 1.6 210 6.6 ± 0.4 1.9 ± 0.7 3.2 ± 0.2 3.6 ± 0.9 0.62 ± 0.04 0.57 ± 0.15
Mean ± SD 27.6 ± 3.6 209 ±18 8.9 ± 2.9 2.3 ± 1.0 4.2 ± 1.2 5.0 ± 1.5 0.52 ± 0.18 0.45 ± 0.16

The longitudinal displacement, strain, and Young’s modulus values were at near-maximal force (550 N). The donor ages for the five specimens ranged from 68 to 92 years old. Specimen 3 and 5 were from male donors.