Table 1.
Characteristics of mothers and infants according to final maternal treatment category, PEPI Study, Malawi, 2004-2009 (n=3,022)
| HAART naïve CD4 <250 cells/mm3 | HAART initiated | HAART ineligible | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Maternal & Household Characteristics | n=581 | n=349 | n=2092 | |
| Control arm, n (%) | 188 (32.4) | 98 (28.1) | 683 (32.6) | 0.24 |
| Age, Mean yrs (SD) | 27.2 (4.6) | 28.3 (4.7) | 25.7 (4.7) | <0.01 |
| Body Mass Index, Mean kg/m2 (SD) | 23.6 (3.5) | 23.6 (3.6) | 23.9 (4.0) | 0.05 |
| CD4 count at enrollment, Median cells/mm3, (IQR) | 211 (157-249) | 174 (112-242) | 485 (374-654) | <0.01 |
| Log10 viral load, Mean copies/ml (SD)a | 4.3 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.8) | <0.01 |
| Married, n (%) | 538 (92.6) | 314 (90.0) | 1929 (92.2) | 0.31 |
| Parity, Median (IQR) | 3 (2-4) | 4 (3-5) | 3 (2-4) | <0.01 |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| No schooling | 66 (11.4) | 43 (12.3) | 206 (9.8) | |
| Grade 1-8 | 289 (49.7) | 175 (50.1) | 1156 (55.3) | 0.02 |
| Secondary or beyond | 226 (38.9) | 131 (37.6) | 730 (34.9) | |
| Electricity in the house, n (%) | 192 (33.1) | 117 (33.5) | 682 (32.6) | 0.93 |
| Running water, n (%) | 144 (24.8) | 74 (21.2) | 449 (21.5) | 0.21 |
| Endline Maternal Characteristics | ||||
| Final CD4 count, Median cells/mm3, (IQR) | 209 (154-252-) | 270 (177-375) | 493 (372-662) | <0.01 |
| Infant Characteristics | ||||
| Combined infant treatment arm (NVP alone + NVP/ZDV), n (%) | 393 (67.6) | 251 (71.9) | 1409 (67.4) | 0.24 |
| Birth weight, Mean grams (SD) | 2993 (470) | 2970 (450) | 3052 (436) | <0.01 |
| Breastfeeding duration, Median days (IQR) | 181 (98-188) | 182 (180-185) | 182 (165-270) | <0.01 |
NVP = Nevirapine; ZDV = Zidovudine; SD = Standard deviation; IQR = Interquartile range. Differences in means, medians and proportions were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and chi-squared statistics respectively.
a
Viral load n=2726