. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Matern Child Health J. 2016 Mar;20(3):542–549. doi: 10.1007/s10995-015-1852-5

Table 3.

Risks factors for child mortality amongst HIV-exposed, uninfected children, PEPI Study, Malawi, 2004-2009.

0-6 Months, n=2694
	Hazard Ratio [95% CI]	p-value	Adjusted Hazard Ratio [95% CI]	p-value
Maternal age, per one year	0.97 [0.92-1.01]	0.15
Maternal BMI, per kg/m²	0.98 [0.92-1.04]	0.45
Maternal viral load at baseline, log (copies/ml)	1.73 [1.27-2.36]	<0.01	1.49 [1.08-2.05]	0.02
Maternal HAART
HAART naïve, CD4 <250 cells/mm³	REF		REF
HAART initiated	0.78 [0.18-3.34]	0.74	0.50 [0.07-3.81]	0.51
HAART ineligible, CD4 ≥250 cells/mm³	0.52 [0.33-0.84]	0.01	0.80 [0.46-1.37]	0.41
Maternal death	8.18 [3.76-17.78]	<0.01	2.22 [0.86-5.73]	0.10
Infant birth weight, per kg	0.31 [0.20-0.47]	<0.01	0.38 [0.24-0.62]	<0.01
Infant prophylaxis treatment arm	0.89 [0.56-1.43]	0.64
Electricity in the house	1.00 [0.63-1.61]	0.99
Running water	1.29 [0.78-2.12]	0.33	1.52 [0.90-2.55]	0.12

>6 months – 24 months, n=2311

	Hazard Ratio [95% CI]	p-value	Adjusted Hazard Ratio [95% CI]	p-value
Maternal age, per one year	1.00 [0.97-1.04]	0.90
Maternal BMI, per kg/m²	1.01 [0.97-1.05]	0.64
Maternal viral load, log(copies/ml)	1.14 [0.93-1.39]	0.20	1.11 [0.91-1.37]	0.31
Maternal HAART
HAART naïve, CD4 <250 cells/mm³	REF		REF
HAART initiated	1.28 [0.74-2.21]	0.38	1.03 [0.58-1.84]	0.92
HAART ineligible, CD4 ≥250 cells/mm³	0.90 [0.60-1.36]	0.24	0.94 [0.61-1.47]	0.80
Maternal death	1.00 [0.37-2.68]	0.99	0.68 [0.21-2.15]	0.51
Infant birth weight, per kg	0.72 [0.51-1.01]	0.06	0.78 [0.54-1.13]	0.19
Infant prophylaxis treatment arm	0.93 [0.66-1.30]	0.66
Electricity in the house	0.79 [0.56-1.12]	0.19
Running water	0.62 [0.40-0.96]	0.03	0.57 [0.36-0.90]	0.02
Breastfeeding status
No longer breastfeeding	REF		REF
Currently breastfeeding	0.05 [0.01-0.19]	<0.01	0.05 [0.01-0.21]	<0.01