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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Inflamm Res. 2015 Dec 8;65(3):225–233. doi: 10.1007/s00011-015-0908-8

Figure 5. Proposed model for the roles of TGF-α, TNF-α, EGFR, MUC1, and TLR5 in the response of airway macrophages and epithelial cells to Pa.

Figure 5

Inhaled Pa activates alveolar macrophages (Mac) to release TNF-α, which increases MUC1 expression by airway epithelial cells (AEC). Pa stimulation of AEC drives TGF-α release, EGFR activation, MUC1-CT tyrosine phosphorylation, MUC1-CT/TLR5 association, and inhibition of airway inflammation.