Fig. 2.

Wild chrysanthemum extract inhibited acute cell death induced by UVB irradiation. a HaCat cells were radiated by UVB (120 mJ/cm²). To test the protective effect of Wild chrysanthemum extract, different concentrations of wild chrysanthemum extract were preincubated with HaCat cells before UVB radiation. HaCat cells that were treated under different conditions were stained with trypan blue, and the percent of viable cells was calculated. b HaCat cells treated under different conditions were photographed under an Olympus CKX 41 inverted phase contrast microscope. The cells were also stained with Hoechst/PI according to the methods described in “Materials and methods” and viewed under an Olympus FluoView FV1000 Confocal Microscope. The cells stained blue represent the living cells, and the red cells represent the dead cells. c Percentage reduction of cell death by wild chrysanthemum extract was calculated based on the Hoechst/PI staining in (b). The data in (a) and (c) represent the mean ± SD of triplicate samples; **(p < 0.01); ns (p > 0.05) (Student’s t test). The other data are representative of at least two independent experiments