Fig. 1. Changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, and regional cerebral oxygen saturation in the laparoscopy (○) and open (●) groups. Error bars are SDs. IND: 10 min after anesthesia induction, T0: immediately after CO2 insufflation in the laparoscopy group or peritoneal opening in the open group, T10–50: 10–50 min after CO2 insufflation in the laparoscopy group or peritoneal opening in the open group, END: end of operation, MAP: Mean arterial blood pressure, HR: heart rate. *P < 0.05 vs. open group, †P < 0.05 vs. IND within the group.
