Table 1. Study population characteristics according to sarcopenic status.

Values are presented as mean±standard error of number (%).

ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BP, blood pressure.

^*Calculated by analysis of variance and chi-square tests. ^†Smoking status was divided into three categories: never, former, and current smoker. ^‡Regular exercise was defined as "yes" when the participant performed moderate or strenuous exercise on a regular basis (for more than 30 minutes at a time and more than five times per week in the case of moderate exercise; for more than 20 minutes at a time in the case of strenuous exercise) or when the subject walked for more than 30 minutes at a time and more than five times per week. Strenuous exercise included running, climbing, bike riding at fast speed, swimming at fast speed, football, basketball, jumping rope, squash, tennis of singles, and physical activities such as carrying heavy objects. Moderate exercise included swimming at slow speed, tennis of doubles, volleyball, badminton, ping-pong, and physical activities such as carrying light objects.