Figure 1.

Illustration of cue combination and integration of the perception during knocking on wood from Ernst and Bülthoff (2004). Sensory cue combination occurs between sensory signals that are not redundant, which can be represented in different units or coordinate systems, and which might reflect complementary aspects of the environment, for example visual or auditory information (Ernst and Bülthoff, 2004). This figure from Ernst and Bülthoff (2004) depicts how three sensory estimates about the location (L) of the knocking event are combined to form a stable percept. Information from visual (V), auditory (A), and proprioceptive (P) sensory percepts comprise three different signals about location. Before these signals can be integrated, V and A signals can be combined with the proprioceptive signals (N) to be transformed into body-centric coordinates with the same units. Following that, the three signals (L₁, L₂, L₃) are integrated with their reliabilities to form a coherent percept of the location of the knocking event. Sensory cue integration occurs between so-called redundant signals, or signals that are in the same units or coordinates and that reflect the status of the same aspect of the stimulus in the environment.