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. 2016 Feb 16;6:21101. doi: 10.1038/srep21101

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Graphs show the percentage of ERK1/2 (A1) and CREB (B1) phosphorylation in ChAT neurons within the NBM 30 min after estren administration. Photomicrographs demonstrate dual-label immunofluorescence of pERK1/2 (A2–A4) or pCREB (B2–B4) immunoreactivity (red) in ChAT neurons (green). Bar graphs showing the percentage of ChAT neurons expressing pERK1/2 immunoreactivity in the NBM 30 min after incubation in vitro in ACSF containing vehicle (open bars) or estren (closed bars) with or without 0.5 μM TTX and amino acid receptor blocker cocktail (10 μM CNQX, 20 μM AP5, 50 μM picrotoxin) (C). The effect of estren treatment on cholinergic cells and fibers after Aβ_1–42 lesion in neuron-specific ERα knock out mice (D). Scale bars, 20 μm (A2-A4) and 40 μm (B2–B4). Histograms show mean ± SEM (n = 5–6). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test).