Table 1. Summary of parameters and variables used in the finite element simulations.

Parameter	Definition	Parameter values
E, ν	Elastic moduli of the cell	E = 10 kPa, ν = 0.49
Es	Elastic modulus of the series element	2 MPa
σc0	Isometric tension of contraction	Neonate: 20 kPa; stem cell: 10 kPa
γ	Strain rate constant	Neonate: −1.0 s−1; Stem cell: −0.5 s−1
kmax	Maximal value of cell substrate linkage constant	0.7 kPa/µm
kcs(x,y)	Cell substrate linkage constant	0.0 to ∼0.7 kPa/µm
kcc	Spring constant of cell substrate adhesion	0.01 to ∼0.05 kPa
ρmax	Maximal density of bound integrin	400 µm−2
ρ(x,y)	Density of bound integrin	0 to ∼400 µm−2
T0	Traction stress threshold	0.65 to ∼1.0 kPa
σc	Contractile stress	NA
σx, σy, τxy	Components of the stress tensor	NA
ux, uy	Components of the displacement vector	NA
εx, εy, εxy	Components of the strain tensor	NA
Tx, Ty	Components of the traction stress	NA