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. 2016 Feb 16;6:21112. doi: 10.1038/srep21112

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(a) The effect of AAT1 knockdown on the SO₂/AAT1 pathway. (b) The effect of AAT1 knockdown and SB431542 on collagen remodeling and the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. *P < 0.05, data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5) and ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis was used. AAT1sh: AAT1 knockdown. SB431542: a TGF-β1/Smad2/3 inhibitor, concentration of 5 μmol/L.