Table 3.
Multivariable linear regression for percentage change in height-indexed LV mass and percentage change in LV mass-to-volume ratio between Exam 1 and Exam 5 (where a negative effect estimate indicates lower LV mass or mass-to-volume ratio at Exam 5 versus Exam 1).
| Parameter | % Change in LV mass index | % Change in LV mass/volume ratio | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age (years) | −0.07 | (−0.14−0) | 0.04 | 0.21 | (0.1–0.31) | 0.0001 |
| Female | −8.92 | (−10.15 to −7.69) | <0.0001 | −8.29 | (−10.16 to −6.42) | <0.0001 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Chinese-American | 1.32 | (−0.5–3.13) | 0.16 | −0.13 | (−2.88–2.62) | 0.93 |
| African-American | 2.23 | (0.79–3.67) | 0.002 | 2.91 | (0.72–5.1) | 0.009 |
| Hispanic | 0.39 | (−1.27–2.05) | 0.65 | 0.17 | (−2.32–2.65) | 0.9 |
| Smoking | −0.89 | (−1.99–0.21) | 0.11 | 2.29 | (0.63–3.95) | 0.007 |
| Income | −0.17 | (−0.37–0.03) | 0.1 | −0.05 | (−0.35–0.25) | 0.76 |
| Education | −0.11 | (−0.39–0.17) | 0.45 | −0.63 | (−1.05 to –0.2) | 0.004 |
| Body mass index, log-transformed | 28.65 | (21.52–35.79) | <0.0001 | 7.55 | (−2.55–17.65) | 0.14 |
| Glycaemic control | ||||||
| Normal fasting glucose | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Impaired fasting glucose | −0.77 | (−2.55–1) | 0.39 | 1.86 | (−0.83–4.56) | 0.18 |
| Untreated diabetes | −2.28 | (−6.64–2.07) | 0.3 | 6.44 | (−0.16–13.05) | 0.06 |
| Treated diabetes | 1.03 | (−1.22–3.28) | 0.37 | 3.52 | (0.1–6.94) | 0.04 |
| Change in glycaemic category | −0.19 | (−0.91–0.54) | 0.62 | 0.57 | (−0.53–1.67) | 0.31 |
| Hypertension stage | 2.78 | (2.22–3.34) | <0.0001 | 2.74 | (1.91–3.57) | <0.0001 |
| Change in hypertension stage | 2.96 | (2.5–3.42) | <0.0001 | 2.45 | (1.75–3.15) | <0.0001 |
| No. of antihypertensive Rx classes | 0.26 | (−0.38–0.91) | 0.42 | −1.22 | (−2.19 to –0.25) | 0.01 |
| Change in no. of antihypertensive Rx classes | −0.09 | (−0.7–0.52) | 0.78 | −0.65 | (−1.58–0.27) | 0.17 |
| C-reactive protein, log-transformed | −0.39 | (−0.92–0.14) | 0.15 | 0.25 | (−0.56–1.05) | 0.55 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.01 | (−0.07–0.1) | 0.78 | 0.2 | (0.08–0.33) | 0.002 |
| Exercise (per 1000 MET/min/week) | 0.16 | (−0.06–0.38) | 0.15 | 0.12 | (−0.22–0.45) | 0.49 |
| LV mass/height2.7, Exam 1 | −1.3 | (−1.42 to – 1.17) | <0.0001 | NA | NA | NA |
| LV mass to volume ratio, Exam 1 | NA | NA | NA | −63.76 | (−69.21 to –58.31) | <0.0001 |
| Change in weight (per 5% decrease) | −1.33 | (−1.67 to –0.99) | <0.0001 | −1.27 | (−1.79 to –0.76) | <0.0001 |
Ref, referent category; NA, not included in regression.