Table 2.
Laboratory values, clinical scoring systems and outcomes for the entire cohort of patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections and for the septic shock and nonshock (no sepsis, sepsis, severe sepsis) subgroups
| Entire cohort (n = 135) | Nonshock (n = 39) | Septic shock (n = 96) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker level upon admission (baseline) | ||||
| Pentraxin-3, ng/mL | 52.4 (17.7–172.2) | 24.6 (10.7–58.0) | 67.3 (28.8–213.5) | <0.0001 |
| Procalcitonin, μg/L | 7.7 (1.4–28.8) | 1.5 (0.3–7.2) | 13.6 (2.9–37.8) | <0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 222 (141–298) | 201 (134–275) | 222 (152–302) | 0.295 |
| Biochemistry | ||||
| Leukocyte count, 109/L, highest value | 16.9 (10.4–23.9) | 15.5 (9.7–22.7) | 17.6 (12.2–24.5) | 0.197 |
| Na+, mmol/L, lowest value | 136 (132–138) | 136 (134–139) | 135 (131–138) | 0.198 |
| K+, mmol/L, highest value | 4.3 (4.0–4.9) | 4.1 (3.8–4.3) | 4.5 (4.1–5.2) | <0.0001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L, highest value | 8.3 (7.1–11.5) | 7.5 (5.8–9.9) | 8.6 (7.3–12.4) | 0.011 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L, highest value | 119 (77–205) | 82 (58–127) | 142 (82–229) | 0.002 |
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L, lowest value | 5.7 (4.9–6.5) | 5.7 (4.9–6.7) | 5.7 (4.8.9–6.3) | 0.429 |
| pH, lowest value | 7.30 (7.20–7.37) | 7.35 (7.29–7.40) | 7.28 (7.18–7.34) | 0.006 |
| pO2, kPa, from lowest PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 13.7 (10.9–19.7) | 14.4 (11,5–22.3) | 12.8 (10.8–18.1) | 0.137 |
| Base excess, mmol/L, lowest value | −5.5 (−9.4 to −1.8) | −2.2 (−5.7 to −2.2) | −6.7 (−10.9 to −2.5) | 0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L, highest value | 1.9 (1.1–4.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 2.5 (1.5–5.0) | <0.0001 |
| ICU scoring systems and treatment | ||||
| SAPS IIa | 45 (35–52) | 35 (29–48) | 46 (39–56) | 0.001 |
| SOFA (day 1)b | 7 (4–10) | 3 (2–5) | 8 (7–10) | <0.0001 |
| LRINECc | 8 (6–9) | 8 (5–9) | 8 (6–10) | 0.103 |
| ICU admissiond | 123 (91) | 28 (72) | 95 (99) | <0.0001 |
| Ventilator treatment | 122 (90) | 27 (70) | 95 (99) | <0.0001 |
| Renal replacement therapye | 34 (25) | 5 (13) | 29 (30) | 0.035 |
| Amputation of limb or penise | 27 (20) | 5 (13) | 22 (23) | 0.184 |
| Mortality | ||||
| 28-day (%, 95 % CI) | 22 (16, 11–24) | 8 (21, 11–36) | 14 (15, 9–23) | 0.398 |
| 90-day (%, 95 % CI) | 31 (23, 17–31) | 9 (23, 12–39) | 22 (23, 16–32) | 0.984 |
| 180-day (%, 95 % CI) | 36 (27, 20–35) | 10 (26, 14–41) | 26 (27, 19–37) | 0.864 |
| Long-term up to 2.5 yearsf (%, 95 % CI) | 44 (33, 25–41) | 12 (31, 18–47) | 32 (33, 25–43) | 0.773 |
Values denote median (interquartile range) or number (%). Differences between the shock and non-shock group were tested using Mann-Whitney U or χ2-test/Fisher’s exact test
aNumber of patients with missing values: n = 5 (n = 3 for nonshock; n = 2 for shock)
bNumber of patients with missing values: n = 6 (n = 3 for nonshock; n = 3 for shock)
cNumber of patients with missing values: n = 15 (n = 9 for nonshock; n = 6 for shock)
dThree patients died before admission to the ICU (n = 2 for nonshock; n = 1 for shock)
eWithin the first 7 days in the ICU
fA follow-up up to 2.5 years
CI Confidence interval, ICU Intensive care unit, LRINEC Laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment