Table 3.
Associations of WTC-PTSD with health and well-being: binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses
| Unadjusted analysis | Adjusted analysis a | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WTC-PTSD v. partial/none | Active PTSD | Remitted PTSD | Partial PTSD | None | WTC-PTSD v. partial/none | Active PTSD | Remitted PTSD | Partial PTSD | None | |
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | Ref | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | Ref |
| Health status | ||||||||||
| Respiratory symptoms | 2.7 (2.3–3.3)*** | 4.6 (3.5–5.9)*** | 1.6 (1.3–2.1)*** | 1.4 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.0 | 1.7 (1.3–2.2)*** | 2.6 (1.8–3.8)*** | 1.4 (1.0–1.9)* | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.0 |
| BMI ⩾35 kg/m2 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7)** | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0)** | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.0 | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1)* | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.0 |
| Fair/poor health | 4.4 (3.6–5.3)*** | 7.6 (5.8–9.9)*** | 2.7 (2.1–3.5)*** | 1.7 (1.3–2.4)*** | 1.0 | 1.9 (1.5–2.5)*** | 2.6 (1.7–3.7)*** | 1.8 (1.3–2.4)*** | 1.7 (1.2–2.4)** | 1.0 |
| Psychosocial status | ||||||||||
| Fair/poor satisfaction | 10.5 (8.5–12.9)*** | 28.1 (20.3–38.9)*** | 4.8 (3.7–6.3)*** | 1.8 (1.2–2.5)** | 1.0 | 3.5 (2.7–4.7)*** | 7.6 (4.9–11.7)*** | 2.4 (1.7–3.4)*** | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.0 |
| Impaired friendships | 2.4 (1.9–2.9)*** | 3.7 (2.9–4.8)*** | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 1.0 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.9 (1.2–2.8)** | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 1.0 |
| Fair/poor social support | 2.5 (2.1–3.1)*** | 3.7 (2.9–4.8)*** | 1.7 (1.3–2.2)*** | 1.4 (1.1–2.0)* | 1.0 | 1.4 (1.2–2.0)** | 2.2 (1.5–3.1)*** | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 1.0 |
WTC, World Trade Center; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; aOR, odds ratio in multinomial regression; ref, reference; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index.
a
Adjusted for variables significant in Tables 1 and 2: responder type, exposure severity, gender, employment, marital status, smoking, hazardous drinking, current depression and mental health treatment since 11 September 2001.
* p < 0.05, ** p ⩽ 0.01, *** p ⩽ 0.001.