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. 2016 Feb 16;6:21487. doi: 10.1038/srep21487

Figure 3. Auxin enhances inductive effect of xylemin on xylem differentiation.

Figure 3

(a) Effect of xylemin and 2,4-D IOE (auxin prodrug) on xylem differentiation in the wild type (upper panels) and on expression pattern of ATHB8pro:GUS (middle panels) and ZCP4pro:GUS (lower panels). The wild-type, ATHB8pro:GUS, or ZCP4pro:GUS seedlings were germinated and grown for 7 days in the liquid medium without (Mock) or with 50 μM xylemin and/or 3 μM 2,4-D IOE. Scale bars: 100 μm. (b) Effect of xylemin and 2,4-D IOE on gene expression. Total RNA was isolated from the wild type seedlings germinated and grown for 7 days in the liquid medium without (Mock) or with 50 μM xylemin and/or 3 μM 2,4-D IOE. All transcript levels are relative to those in mock-treated seedlings. Data are displayed as averages ± SD (n = 3). Different letters indicate Tukey’s HSD groupings (P < 0.05). (c) Effect of xylemin, thermospermine (Tspm), and 2,4-D IOE on expression of ATHB8pro:GUS in roots. The ATHB8pro:GUS seedlings were germinated and grown for 7 days in the liquid medium without (Mock) or with 50 μM xylemin, 3 μM 2,4-D IOE, and/or 100 μM thermospermine (Tspm). Arrows indicate induction and fasciation of lateral roots. Scale bar: 100 μm. (d) Effect of xylemin, thermospermine (Tspm), and 2,4-D IOE on xylem differentiation in roots. The wild type seedlings were germinated and grown for 7 days in the liquid medium without (Mock) or with 50 μM xylemin (Xylemin), 3 μM 2,4-D IOE (2,4-D IOE), 50 μM xylemin plus 3 μM 2,4-D IOE (Xylemin +2,4-D IOE), or 100 μM thermospermine (Tspm). Arrows indicate xylem vessel elements. Scale bar: 20 μm.