1. Subgroup analysis.
| Outcome title |
Number of studies |
Number of patients |
Effect size (95% CI) |
Test for overall effect P value |
Heterogeneity I² (%) |
| Without industry sponsorship | |||||
| 01 Number of patients with at least 30% pain reduction |
2 | 82 | RD 0.14 (‐0.07 to 0.35) | 0.19 | 28 |
| 02 Number of patients with a clinically important global improvement |
2 | 82 | RD 0.14 (‐0.07 to 0.22) | 0.17 | 0 |
| 03 Fatigue | 2 | 76 | SMD ‐0.17 (‐0.62 to 0.28) | 0.46 | 0 |
| 04 Sleep problems | 2 | 76 | SMD 0.05 (‐0.51 to 0.62) | 0.87 | 35 |
| 05 Dropout due to adverse events | 1 | 61 | RD 0.29 (0.04 to 0.54) | 0.02 | Not applicable |
| With industry sponsorship | |||||
| 01 Number of patients with at least 30% pain reduction |
4 | 261 | RD 0.09 (‐0.04 to 0.22) | 0.17 | 22 |
| 02 Number of patients with a clinically important global improvement |
4 | 248 | RD 0.14 (0.05 to 0.24) | 0.003 | 0 |
| 03 Fatigue | 3 | 117 | SMD ‐0.32 (‐0.69 to 0.05) | 0.09 | 0 |
| 04 Sleep problems | 3 | 158 | SMD ‐0.24 (‐0.60 to 0.13) | 0.21 | 0 |
| 05 Dropout due to adverse events | 4 | 233 | RD 0.02 (‐0.06 to 0.10) | 0.64 | 19 |
RD: risk difference; SMD: standard mean difference