Table 2.
lncRNAs as regulators of cell invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer
| GC tissues expression | GC cell lines expression | Assay methods | Signaling events | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOTAIR↑ | 19 of 22 GC cell lines↑ | Invasion assay, wound-healing assay | HOTAIR↑→E-cadherin↓, N-cadherin↑, Snail↑, ZEB1↑→EMT | 36 |
| AGS↑, SGC7901↑, HGC27↑ | Invasion assay | HOTAIR↑→Snail↑→EMT HOTAIR↑→MMP3, MMP9↑ |
35 | |
| MGC803↑, BGC823↑, AGS↓, SGC7901↓ | Migration assay, invasion assay | HOTAIR↑→miR-331-3p→HER2↑ | 37 | |
| SGC7901↑, BGC823↑, AGS↑ | Migration assay, invasion assay, right lower lobe of the liver injections assay | HOTAIR↑→PCBP1↓ | 67 | |
| H19↑ | MKN45↑, BGC823↑, NCI-N87↓, SNU1↓, SNU16↓, SGC7901↓, MKN28↓ | Migration assay, invasion assay, wound-healing assay, abdominal cavity injections assay | H19↑→ISM1↑ H19↑→miR-675↑→CALN1↓ |
25 |
| SGC7901↑, MKN45↑ | Invasion assay | H19↑→miR-141↓→ZEB1↑ miR-141↑→H19↓→Igf1r, Igf2↑ |
27 | |
| GAPLINC↑ | – | Invasion assay | GAPLINC→miR-221-3p→CD44 | 45, 46 |
| HULC↑ | SGC7901↑, BGC823↑, AGS↑ | Migration assay, invasion assay, wound-healing assay | HULC↑→E-cadherin↓, vimentin↑→EMT | 57 |
| CCAT1↑ | – | Migration assay | c-Myc↑→CCAT1↑ | 47 |
| AK058003↑ | MKN28↑, SGC7901↑, MKN45↑ | Migration assay, invasion assay, tail vein injections assay | Hypoxia→AK058003→SNCG | 69 |
| MALAT2↑ | MKN7↑, SGC7901↑, BGC823↑, AGS↑ | Migration assay, wound-healing assay | MALAT2↑→E-cadherin↓, vimentin↑→EMT MALAT2→MEK signaling pathway |
85 |
| FRLnc1↑ | – | Migration assay, wound-healing assay, tail vein injections assay | FOXM1↑→FRLnc1↑→Twist, TGFb1↑ | 70 |
| SPRY4-IT1↑ | MGC-803↑, SGC7901↑, BGC823↑, MKN45↑, AGS↑, HGC27↑ | Migration assay, invasion assay | SPRY4-IT1↑→MMP2↑, MMP9↑ | 56 |
| SPRY4-IT1↓ | SGC7901↓, BGC823↓, AGS↓, HGC27↓, MKN45↓, MKN28↓ | Migration assay, invasion assay, tail vein injections assay | SPRY4-IT1↓→E-cadherin↓ vimentin↑→EMT |
55 |
| BM742401↓ | – | Migration assay, invasion assay, tail vein injections assay | BM742401↑→MMP9 | 71 |
| FENDRR↓ | MGC803↓, MKN28↓, MKN45↓ | Migration assay, invasion assay, wound-healing assay, tail vein injections assay | FENDRR↓→FN1↑→MMP2/MMP9↑ | 72 |
| MEG3↓ | HGC-27↓, MGC-803↓, MKN45↓, SGC7901↓, BGC823↓, AGS↓ | Migration assay, invasion assay | MEG3→miR-181a→bcl-2 | 64 |
Notes: ↑, upregulated; ↓, downregulated; –, unknown.
Abbreviations: miR, micro RNA; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; SNCG, synuclein gamma; ZEB1, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1; Igf1r, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1; Igf2, insulin-like growth factor 2; ISM1, isthmin 1; MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; PCBP1, poly r(C)-binding protein 1; HER2, human epithelial growth factor receptor 2; TGFb1, transforming growth factor β1; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; FN1, fibronectin 1; bcl-2, B cell lymphoma-2; HOTAIR, HOX antisense intergenic RNA; GHET1, gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1; CCAT1, colon cancer-associated transcript 1; MALAT2, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 2; GAPLINC, gastric adenocarcinoma-associated positive cluster of differentiation (CD)44 regulator; HULC, highly upregulated in liver cancer; SPRY4-IT1, sprouty 4 intronic transcript 1; MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3; FOXM1, forkhead box protein M1.