Table 3.

Adjusted Means and SEs for Position and Time Worked in NHs From Random Effects Models on Palliative Care Practice Total Scores and Subscales (Range 1–4)

Characteristics	Bereavement	Provider Coordination	Family Communication	Planning/Intervention	Total Practice
N	1193	1140	1168	1138	1200
Position
CNA (1)	2.30 (0.03)	2.72 (0.03)	3.09 (0.03)	2.47 (0.04)	2.64 (0.02)
LPN (2)	2.41 (0.03)	3.06 (0.04)	3.16 (0.03)	2.72 (0.05)	2.83 (0.02)
RN (3)	2.51 (0.04)	2.98 (0.05)	3.17 (0.04)	2.76 (0.07)	2.84 (0.03)
SW (4)	2.65 (0.09)	3.23 (0.11)	3.33 (0.09)	2.78 (0.14)	2.98 (0.07)
P-value	<0.0001a,b,c,d	<0.0001a,b,c	0.0220c	<0.0001a,b	<0.0001a,b,c
Time worked in NHs
<6 months (1)	2.55 (0.06)	3.07 (0.07)	3.33 (0.06)	2.72 (0.09)	2.90 (0.04)
6 months–5 years (2)	2.43 (0.04)	2.97 (0.04)	3.22 (0.04)	2.68 (0.05)	2.82 (0.03)
5–10 years (3)	2.41 (0.04)	2.99 (0.05)	3.03 (0.04)	2.65 (0.06)	2.76 (0.03)
>10 years (4)	2.47 (0.04)	2.96 (0.05)	3.17 (0.04)	2.67 (0.06)	2.82 (0.03)
P-value	0.0727	0.4276	<0.0001b,c,e,f	0.9183	0.0322b

NHs = nursing homes; CNAs = certified nursing assistants; LPNs = licensed practical nurses; RNs = registered nurses; SWs = social workers.

Note: Covariates included in each model were the site-level effects of star rating, % of subjects with pain, occupancy rate, total number of beds, % Medicare, % Medicaid, % hospice, % with ≥50% dementia, and total nurse aides per 100 beds. Nursing facility was the random effect. For all scores, the scale ranged from 1 to 4 where higher scores indicated better palliative care practice.

^aTukey-adjusted P-value for 1 vs. 2 ≤0.05.

^bTukey-adjusted P-value for 1 vs. 3 ≤0.05.

^cTukey-adjusted P-value for 1 vs. 4 ≤0.05.

^dTukey-adjusted P-value for 2 vs. 4 ≤0.05.

^eTukey-adjusted P-value for 2 vs. 3 ≤0.05.

^fTukey-adjusted P-value for 3 vs. 4 ≤0.05.